非暴露式气管滴注3种典型纳米材料对大鼠肝、肾的毒性效应

为探讨纳米二氧化硅(Nano-SiO2)、纳米四氧化三铁(Nano-Fe3O4)和单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)对大鼠肝、肾的毒性效应,将49只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为7组,包括生理盐水对照组,以及3种纳米材料的低剂量组(2mg·mL-1)和高剂量组(10mg·mL-1),采用非暴露式气管滴注法染毒,每2d染毒1次,每次每只0.2mL,共染毒5周,眼眶取血后处死大鼠,称肝、肾重量计算脏器系数,测定大鼠血清中反映肝、肾功能的生化指标,并对肝、肾进行病理学观察.结果表明,1)3种纳米材料均可导致大鼠体重明显降低,但对肝、肾脏器系数无明显影响;2)病理学观察发现,3种纳米材料均可导致大鼠肝细胞轻度脂肪变性,肾脏则无明显改变;3)3种纳米材料均可导致大鼠肝功能异常,部分肝功能指标如谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)等出现显著降低;4)3种纳米材料均可导致大鼠肾功能异常,部分肾功能指标如尿酸(UA)、肌酐(CREA)、尿素氮(BUN)等出现显著升高或降低.以上结果提示,经呼吸道染毒的Nano-SiO2、Nano-Fe3O4和SWCNTs均可对大鼠肝、肾产生一定的毒性效应.

Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity of Rats Induced by Intratracheal Injection of Three Typical Nanomaterials

To investigate the toxic effects of three nanomaterials including Nano-SiO2、Nano-Fe3O4 and single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs)on rat liver and kidney, 49 Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups randomly, normal saline as negative control.The rats were exposed by intratracheal instillation with 0.2 mL at the dose of 2 and 10mg·mL-1 once two days for 5 weeks, and then killed by fossa orbitalis plexus venosus.We investigated their liver and kidney by pathological obversation and biochemical indicator in serum.Results showed that all this three nanomaterials could cause rats'weight loss, but the renal and hepatic indexes had no significantly changes in every group.The observations of pathological analysis indicated that there were small amounts hepatic cell adipose degeneration in the liver of rats in exposure groups, but no obvious change in kindey.Compared with control groups, the biochemical indicators(liver:AST, ALP, ALT;kidney:UA, CREA, BUN)in rats'serum in exposure groups were increased or decreased significantly.Above results suggested that the three typical nanomaterials which were exposed through intratracheal instillation had significant damage effects on the liver and kidney in rats.