海洋酸化与重金属、有机污染物和人工纳米颗粒的联合毒性效应研究进展

由于大量人类活动的影响,大气CO2浓度持续增加,其中约1/3被海洋吸收,导致表层海水pH值降低和碳酸盐平衡体系波动,即“海洋酸化”现象。污染物的海洋环境效应一直是全球环境科学领域研究的热点。在实际环境中,海洋酸化往往与污染物共同存在并作用于海洋生态系统,且海洋酸化极有可能改变污染物的海洋环境行为从而影响其毒性效应。但现有研究大多针对海洋酸化或者污染物单独作用下的毒性效应展开,对海洋酸化与污染物的联合毒性效应的研究不足、亟待加强。为此,综述了近年来海洋酸化与典型污染物(重金属、有机污染物)及新型污染物(人工纳米颗粒)的相关文献,重点阐述了海洋酸化对污染物环境行为的影响和海洋酸化与污染物对海洋生物的联合毒性效应,指出当前的研究不足,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。

Research Progress on Toxic Effects of Ocean Acidification Combined with Heavy Metals, Organic Pollutants and Engineered Nanoparticles

Atmospheric CO₂ concentration has been highly elevated by anthropogenic activities since the industrialization. Overall, about one third of atmospheric CO₂ is absorbed by the ocean, lowering the pH in surface seawater and altering the carbonate balance system, which are termed as Ocean Acidification (OA). In addition, the environmental effects of marine pollutants have always been hotspots in the field of global environmental science. In the real environments, marine ecosystem is likely suffering from combined effects of OA and pollutants rather than the impact of marine pollutants or OA alone. Additionally, previous studies have found that OA is likely to influence the physical and chemical properties, environmental behaviors and bioavailability of marine pollutants directly, thus alter the toxicities of marine pollutants indirectly. Current studies have mainly focused on the single toxic effects of OA or marine pollutants. However, the combined toxic effects of OA and marine pollutants have been rarely reported. Therefore, studies on the toxicities of OA combined with marine pollutants are strongly requested. In this study, we summarized the literatures on the effects of OA, typical pollutants (e.g., heavy metals, organic pollutants) and emerging pollutants (e.g., engineered nanoparticles). Specially, we emphasized the impact of OA on the behavior and bioavailability of marine pollutants, and their combined toxic effects on marine organisms. Finally, the key research challenges and future directions on the combined toxicities of OA and marine pollutants are provided.