多环芳烃对海洋贝类多生物水平毒性效应的研究进展

多环芳烃类化合物(PAHs)是海洋中常见的一类持久性有机污染物,对海洋生态安全及海洋生物健康造成严重威胁。海洋贝类作为海洋生态毒理学研究的模式生物,其滤食性、固着性等生理特点使其对PAHs具有较高的生物蓄积能力,可以在不同生物水平产生一系列的毒性效应。本文综述目前PAHs在海洋贝类多种生物水平所造成的生物毒性效应及其检测方法的研究进展,重点从个体生理特征、组织结构、细胞毒性和基因毒性4个层次展开讨论,为更有效地利用海洋贝类这一模型生物,深入开展PAHs对海洋生物的致毒效应与机制研究提供思路与检测方法参考。

Ecotoxicology: A Review of Multi-Toxicity in Marine Bivalve Induced by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of xenobiotic compounds that distribute widely in marine environment. PAHs exposure induces toxicity in many non-target organisms, marine bivalve being one of the most prominent among these. The marine bivalve is a sentinel and filter-feeding organism with a worldwide distribution and has been applied largely as a model organism in marine ecotoxicology researches. PAHs can be bio-accumulated in the tissues and lead to mortality while sub-lethal doses change in marine bivalve since PAHs can be transferred to higher level of organism through the food chain. This article focuses on the ecotoxicology of PAHs, especially in individual physiological changes, histopathological damages, cellular toxicity and genotoxicity. The most applied testing techniques are also reviewed for the better utilization of marine bivalve in the analysis of toxicity effects as well as the underlined mechanisms related to PAHs contamination in the environment.