二氧化钛纳米材料的环境健康和生态毒理效应

伴随着纳米科技的迅猛发展,各式各样的纳米材料被开发和生产出来,逐步进入到周围环境及生命体中,纳米材料的生物安全性和生态毒理学问题已引起了社会各界的普遍关注.纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)因具有良好的光催化特性、耐化学腐蚀性和热稳定性,而被广泛应用于涂料、废水处理、杀菌、化妆品、食品添加剂和生物医用陶瓷材料等与日常生活紧密相关的领域,因此,其将不可避免地进入环境和生态系统中引起相应的生物学效应(毒理学).论文从流行病学调查和实验研究两方面出发,综述了纳米TiO2对生物体(皮肤、肺、肝、肾和脑)、细胞(细胞膜、细胞生长和凋亡)和生态系统的影响,探讨了其毒性产生的可能机制.希望今后进一步加强对纳米TiO2的环境健康和生态毒性研究,以建立纳米TiO2的环境健康安全暴露评价体系,促进纳米技术的健康、安全和可持续发展。

Environmental Health and Ecotoxicological Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials

With the rapid development of nanotechnology,many kinds of nanomatertials are manufactured and used in each field. They tend to enter the environment and life system. The problem of bio-environmental effects of nanomaterials and nanosafety has raised increasing concerns among many scientists and governments. Nanoscale titanium dioxide(TiO2),a noncombustible and odorless white powder,was widely used in the fields of paints,waste water treatment,sterilization,cosmetics,food additive,and bio-medical ceramic materials,etc.,because of its inherent advantages of the photocatalysis,anticorrosion and high stability. Therefore,it is unavoidable for nanoscale TiO2 to enter the environment and ecological system and to induce the potential biological effects(nanotoxicology). In this paper,based on the past epidemiology researches and laboratory studies,the influences of nanoscale TiO2 on the organisms(skin,lung,liver,kidney and brain),the cells(cell membrane,cell growth and apoptosis) and the ecological system were reviewed,and the mechanisms for these toxicities were discussed. It is advised to enhance studies on the environmental health and ecotoxicology of nanoscale TiO2 to help to establish the evaluation system and standards of safe exposure for nanoscale TiO2,and to promote the healthy,safe and persistent development of nanoscience and nanotechnology.