纳米材料对藻细胞毒性效应及致毒机理

纳米材料因其独特的性质被广泛应用于生物医疗、光学工程、催化等领域。随着纳米材料的生产量逐年增大,越来越多的纳米粒子被释放到水生生态环境中,其生态毒性效应影响也备受人们的关注。本文根据纳米材料的分类总结了不同种类纳米材料对水生生态系统的初级生产者藻类的毒性效应,归纳了纳米材料影响藻类毒性大小的主要因素,如纳米材料的物理化学性质、水体性质和藻种等,并探讨了纳米材料对藻类的致毒机理,如金属离子溶出、氧化损伤和遮光效应等,最后总结展望了纳米毒理学研究的发展方向,以期为纳米材料对藻类的毒性研究提供一定的理论依据。

The Cytotoxic Effects of Nanomaterials on Algae and Its Mechanisms

Nanomaterials have been widely used in biomedical, optical engineering, and catalysis on account of their unique properties. With the increasing discharge of nanomaterials into the environment, their ecotoxicity on aquatic system has been a significant concern. In this paper, based on their classification, the cytotoxic effects of nanomaterials on algae, the primary producers of aquatic ecosystems, are summarized. Furthermore, the factors affecting the cytotoxicity to algae, including physical chemistry properties of nanomaterials, water quality and species of algae are studied. The toxic mechanisms of nanomaterials to algae, such as metal ion dissolution, oxidative damage and the shading effect of nanomaterials to algae are explored. At the end, the future prospects for the development in nanotoxicology are also discussed, to provide a way to study the nanomaterials toxicity to algae.