草莓蚜虫防治用药对蜜蜂的急性毒性与风险评价

为明确草莓蚜虫防治用药对蜜蜂的影响,按照《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》和《化学品测试方法》要求测定了20%啶虫脒SP、10%氟啶虫酰胺WG和22%氟啶虫胺腈SC对意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera L.)的急性毒性,并采用危害商值(HQ)法进行了风险评价。急性毒性结果显示:20%啶虫脒SP、10%氟啶虫酰胺WG和22%氟啶虫胺腈SC对蜜蜂的急性经口毒性试验结果(48 h-LD50值)分别为4.47μg a.i.·蜂~(-1)、11.2μg a.i.·蜂~(-1)和0.0601μg a.i.·蜂~(-1),对蜜蜂的急性接触毒性试验结果(48 hLD50值)分别为11.0μg a.i.·蜂~(-1)、13.9μg a.i.·蜂~(-1)和0.643μg a.i.·蜂~(-1)。按《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》中毒性等级划分标准,20%啶虫脒SP、10%氟啶虫酰胺WG和22%氟啶虫胺腈SC对蜜蜂的毒性等级分别为中毒、低毒和高毒。风险评价结果表明,22%氟啶虫胺腈SC对蜜蜂存在中等风险(HQ值为1 622),20%啶虫脒SP和10%氟啶虫酰胺WG对蜜蜂的风险为低风险,其HQ值分别为40.3和6.70。因此,草莓生产中可优先选用10%氟啶虫酰胺WG来防治蚜虫,20%啶虫脒SP次之。而使用22%氟啶虫胺腈SC时,应注意采取措施降低其对蜜蜂的毒性风险,以免造成危害。

Acute Toxicity and Risk Assessment of Pesticides Used in Strawberry for Controlling Aphid to Honeybees

To explore the environment effect of pesticides for aphid control in strawberry,the acute toxicities of 20％ acetamiprid SP,10％ flonicamid WG and 22％ sulfoxaflor SC to honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) were determined according to Test Guidelines on Environmental Safety Assessment for Chemical Pesticides (China) and Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals (OECD).The risk assessment was carried out using the parameter of hazard quotients (HQ).For the oral toxicity,the results showed that the 48 h-LD50 values of 20％ acetamiprid SP,10％ flonicamid WG and 22％ sulfoxaflor SC to honeybees were 4.47 μg a.i.·bee-1,＞11.2 μg a.i.·bee-1 and 0.0601 μg a.i.· bee-1,respectively.For the acute contact toxicity,the 48 h-LDso values were 11.0 μg a.i.· bee-1,＞ 13.9 μg a.i.· bee-1 and 0.643 μg a.i.· bee-1,respectively.Based on the toxicity standard of Test Guidelines on Environmental Safety Assessment for Chemical Pesticides,the toxicity of 20％ acetamiprid SP,10％ flonicamid WG and 22％ sulfoxaflor SC to honeybees was moderate toxicity,low toxicity and high toxicity,respectively.According to the HQ values,22％ sulfoxaflor SC has moderate risk to honeybees (HQ value was 1 622),while 20％ acetamiprid SP and 10％ flonicamid WG have low risk to honeybees with the HQ values of 40.3 and ＜6.70.The results suggested that 10％ flonicamid has the priority in controlling aphids in strawberry production,followed by 20％ acetamiprid SP.It should be taken measures to reduce the risk to honeybees when 22％ sulfoxaflor SC was applied to controlling the aphid in strawberry.