包装材料及食品中纳米材料的检测与表征技术

随着纳米技术的发展，纳米材料在包装行业及食品工业中得到了广泛的应用。然而，纳米材料的安全应用高度依赖于对其生物及环境效应的了解。有研究表明，纳米材料对人类健康及生态环境存在着潜在危害，这使得纳米材料的安全性成为毒理学领域的热点研究课题。同时纳米材料的安全性问题也成为纳米复合包装材料及纳米食品研究和开发的新瓶颈。在对纳米材料没有充分认识的情况下，为了消费者和生态环境的安全，必须控制包装材料及食品中纳米颗粒的种类、来源、含量及可能的释放，这就需要可靠的方法对纳米颗粒的性质和结构进行检测及表征。首先，综述了目前纳米材料在复合包装材料及食品加工中的应用，然后总结了包装材料及食品中纳米材料的检测技术及表征方法，例如显微技术、色谱分离技术、光谱与质谱技术等。由于纳米材料的理化性质参数众多，应用多种分析手段来检测和表征纳米材料成为必然。最后对目前检测技术及表征方法的不足和今后发展方向进行了探讨。

Characterization and Analysis of Nanomaterials in Packaging and Food

With rapid development of nanotechnologies, manufactured nanomaterials have been widely used in packaging and food industry, such as agricultural cultivation, food processing, food packaging, and food security. However, the safe application of nanomaterials (NMs) highly dependent on the full understanding of their biological and environmental effects. Therefore, the biological effects of nanomaterials are attracting considerable concern worldwide. Meanwhile, the safety issue of the nanocomposites and nano-foods has become the bottlenecks of their development and applications. Therefore, it is important to analyze the amount and/or release of nanomaterials in nano-foods and their migration. Further risk evaluation of the nanomaterials used in the packaging and food industry is required. In this paper, current applications of nanomaterials and nanotechnology in packing and food, and related analytical approaches including microscopy, chromatography, spectroscopy and related techniques to determine NMs in food were reviewed. Combined techniques are necessary to characterize the NMs due to their complexity of the physical and chemical properties. In addition, the challenges of the analytical approaches were discussed.