重金属胁迫对日本对虾(Penaeus japonicas )胚胎发育的影响

以受精1 h以内的日本对虾受精卵为实验对象，采用静水试验方法，研究了Zn、Hg、Cu、Pb、As、Cd和Cr 7种重金属对日本对虾胚胎发育的影响。结果表明，在实验浓度范围内，7种重金属中Hg、Cu对日本对虾胚胎发育毒性最大，其次是Zn、As、Cd，Pb和Cr无明显影响。Hg、Cu、Cd、As、Zn对日本对虾胚胎LC₅₀值分别为：0.0177 mg·L^-1、0.1070 mg·L^-1、1.6057 mg·L^-1、3.3682 mg·L^-1、8.2644 mg·L^-1，致死效应最低可观测效用浓度（LOEC）分别为0.0037 mg·L^-1、0.0166 mg·L^-1、0.1302 mg·L^-1、1.1572 mg·L^-1、2.1522 mg·L^-1；抑制发育LOEC分别为0.0062 mg·L^-1、0.0176 mg·L^-1、0.4002 mg·L^-1、1.9497 mg·L^-1、0.0617 mg·L^-1。随着Hg、Cu浓度的升高，胚胎孵化率不断下降，无节幼体死亡率不断上升，在Hg 0.0256 mg·L^-1浓度组中，胚胎48 h死亡率达到100%。以上结果说明，Hg、Cu等重金属的存在会延缓日本对虾胚胎的发育速度，随着重金属浓度的增加，滞育现象愈加明显，在Cu 0.32 mg·L^-1浓度组中，未见无节幼体孵出。

The Toxic Effects of Heavy Metals on the Embryonic Development of Penaeus japonicas

The toxic effects on the development of Penaeus japonicas embryos from the static exposure of Zn, Hg, Cu, Pb, As, Cd and Cr were studied in this paper. Hg and Cu were the most toxic to the development of P. japonicus, followed by Zn, As and Cd, while no significant toxic effects were observed from the exposure of Pb or Cr. The LC₅₀ of Hg, Cu, Cd, As and Zn to P. japonicas embryos were 0.0177 mg·L^-1, 0.1070 mg·L^-1, 1.6057 mg·L^-1, 3.3682 mg·L^-1, 8.2644 mg·L^-1, respectively. The LOECs of Hg, Cu, Cd, As and Zn to P. japonicas embryos for mortality were 0.0037 mg·L^-1, 0.0166 mg·L^-1, 0.1302 mg·L^-1, 1.1572 mg·L^-1, 2.1522 mg·L^-1, respectively; and 0.0062 mg·L^-1, 0.0176 mg·L^-1, 0.4002 mg·L^-1, 1.9497 mg·L^-1, 0.0617 mg·L^-1 for development inhibition, respectively. The embryos hatching rates decreased and mortality increased with the Hg and Cu concentration increased. The mortality of the embryos was 100% when exposed to 0.0256 mg·L^-1 Hg. The results indicated that the development of P. japonicas embryos was inhibited with dose-dependent by the exposure of Hg and Cu. No nauplius was observed when exposed to 0.32 mg·L^-1 Cu for 48 hours.