DNA宏条形码（metabarcoding）技术在浮游植物群落监测研究中的应用

保护生物多样性和生态系统健康是维持生态系统功能和实现人类可持续发展的必要条件。浮游植物作为水生生态系统的初级生产者发挥着重要的生态功能，同时有毒藻类的爆发也会威胁水生态安全。然而，基于形态学的物种鉴定方法难以满足日益增长的水生态环境监测的需求。DNA条形码技术利用基因组特定基因上、短的DNA序列来鉴别生物物种，目前已广泛用于快速物种鉴别。然而其在水生生态系统浮游植物群落的监测中才刚刚起步。由于浮游植物物种多样性高，单基因DNA条形码往往不足以识别所有浮游植物种类；近年来，采用多基因条形码、全叶绿体基因组序列的超级条形码，以及特定DNA条形码方法在单物种和群落水平上区分浮游植物种类的潜力很大。本文综述了浮游植物DNA条形码技术在物种鉴别研究方面的进展，以及DNA宏条形码技术（DNA metabarcoding）在水生浮游植物环境监测的应用现状及前景。

Applications and Prospects ofMetabarcoding in Environmental Monitoring of Phytoplankton Community

The protection of biodiversity and ecosystem health is essential for the function of ecosystem and the sustainable development of human beings. Phytoplankton is the primary producer of aquatic ecosystem, and its biodiversity is one of the important indicators of environmental biological monitoring. However, the growing demand for environment monitoring of phytoplankton is limited by the morphology-based method. DNA barcoding which uses short DNA sequences of specific gene in the genome, has been widely used for rapid species identification. However, the research and application of DNA barcoding in the monitoring of phytoplankton communities in aquatic ecosystems has just started. Due to the high diversity of phytoplankton species, single gene DNA barcoding is often not sufficient to identify all phytoplankton species; Recently, the use of multiple barcodes, superbarcode of complete chloroplast genome sequence, as well as the specific barcode has demonstrated potential to distinguish phytoplankton species in either single species or community sample. This review summarized the recent advancement in research of DNA barcode technology in the species identification of phytoplankton, and the current status and prospects of DNA metabarcoding in environmental monitoring of aquatic phytoplankton.