贵阳和万山地区部分蔬菜中的重金属含量及其健康风险

以贵州省贵阳市和万山地区为例,对购自当地自由市场的部分蔬菜中的重金属Cd、Hg、Pb、Mn、As的含量进行了测定,并以国际放射防护委员会(ICRP,International Commissionon Radiological Protection)给出的限定值为标准,对某些重金属含量超标的蔬菜进行了健康风险评价.结果表明:除个别蔬菜的As和Mn外,万山地区蔬菜中的重金属含量均明显高于贵阳地区;两地蔬菜中的As、Pb含量均低于国家限定值(GB4810-1994、GB14935-1994),而部分蔬菜中的Cd、Hg含量均明显超出国家限定值(GB15201-1994、GB2762-1994).风险评价结果表明贵阳和万山两地的蔬菜可能存在重金属Cd、Hg、Pb的中、轻度污染;存在Cd污染的蔬菜对人体的年致癌风险为3.40×10-7·a-1,非致癌物Hg和Pb对人体的总健康风险分别为3.63×10-7·a-1、1.69×10-6·a-1,均低于ICRP标准.

Contents of Heavy Metals in Some Vegetables and Their Potential Risks to Human Health in Guiyang and Wanshan Areas

Guiyang and Wanshan areas are rich in mineral resources.With the exploitation and industrial application of these resources,the soil and atmosphere are polluted by heavy metals.Contents of heavy metals,such as Cd,Hg,Pb,Mn and As in various vegetables were investigated using ICP-MS.Results showed that except for As and Mn,heavy metal contents in vegetables in Wanshan area were significantly higher than those in Guiyang area.Contents of As and Pb in vegetables in these two areas were lower than the limited values of the national standards(GB4810-1994,GB14935-1994),and contents of Cd and Hg in some vegetables were higher than the limited values of the national standard(GB15201-1994,GB2762-1994).The moderate and slight pollutions of Cd,Hg and Pb in vegetables in these two areas were found.In these two areas,the annual carcinogenic risk of vegetables polluted by Cd to individual human health was 3.40 ×10-7·a-1,and the annual non-carcinogenic risks of vegetables polluted by Hg and Pb to individual human health were 3.63 ×10-7·a-1,1.69 ×10-6·a-1,respectively.The annual carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were both lower than the standards of International Commission on Radiological Protection(ICRP).