不同粒径矿化垃圾对大麦生长发育和斑马鱼胚胎毒性效应研究

将太原东山新沟垃圾填埋场矿化垃圾筛分为900~300μm、300~150μm、150~105μm、105~90μm和90~0μm共5个不同粒径范围,制备浸出液。在分析不同粒径矿化垃圾浸出液的理化指标基础上,研究了矿化垃圾浸出液对大麦和斑马鱼胚胎生长发育的影响。结果显示,矿化垃圾浸出液p H值随粒径的减小而减小,电导率、CODCr、全盐量和总氮则随粒径的减小而增大。矿化垃圾浸出液对大麦的萌发、根长和芽长均表现出抑制作用,且抑制作用随粒径的减小而显著增加,90~0μm抑制作用最强,具体表现为染毒1 d、2 d和3 d后,大麦种子处理组萌发率为对照组的39.74%、56.38%和59.81%;染毒3 d、5 d和7 d后,根长分别为对照组的57.08%、48.33%和41.66%;芽长分别为对照组的66.60%、64.79%和61.65%。斑马鱼胚胎暴露于不同粒径的矿化垃圾浸出液中,胚胎生长发育的毒害作用与粒径大小呈现明显负相关关系,即在最小粒径90~0μm处理后,卵凝结、血循环异常、孵化率、心包水肿及脊柱畸形影响作用达到最大,这5个指标值分别为40.28%、50.00%、51.39%、31.94%和29.17%。以上研究表明,矿化垃圾浸出液对大麦和斑马鱼胚胎生长发育的毒性效应与矿化垃圾粒径分布显著相关,小粒径矿化垃圾(90~0μm)的生态毒性效应最大。

The Particle-size Dependent Effects of Aged Refuse on the Growth and Development of Barley Seedlings and Zebrafish Embryos

In this study, the aged refuse, collected from Xingou municipal solid waste landfill of Taiyuan, was screened and classified into five samples with different particle-size (900~300, 300~150, 150~105, 105~90, and 90~0 μm), and then used to prepare leachate. Following this, several physical and chemical indexes were analyzed, and the effects on the growth and developmental of barley seedlings and zebrafish embryos were investigated. The results indicate that pH value decreased with the decrease of particle-size of aged refuse, conversely, electrical con-ductivity, CODCr, total salt and total nitrogen showed negative correlation with the particle-size. Furthermore, the germination, root length and shoot length of barley seedlings were inhibited by the aged refuse samples, and the effects were significantly negatively correlative with particle-size, especially for the smallest particle-size (90~0μm). For the leachate of 90~0 μm aged refuse sample, the germination rate of barley seeding was 39. 74%, 56.38%and 59.81% of control group after 1 d-, 2 d- and 3 d-exposure; the root length decreased to 57.08%, 48.33% and 41.66% of control and the shoot length decreased to 66.60%, 64.79% and 61.65% of control after 3 d-, 5 d-and 7 d-treatment. Similarly, the aged refuse leachate of different size of particles adversely affected embry-onic growth and development, and the actions showed a significantly negative correlation with the particle size. The leachate of 90~0 μm aged refuse caused the most significant alterations on coagulation, abnormal blood circula-tion, hatchability, pericardial edema and spinal deformation of zebrafish embryos, and reached 40.28%, 50.00%, 51.39%, 31.94% and 29.17%, respectively. These findings imply that aged refuse could lead to the growth inhibi-tion and developmental risk on barley seedlings and zebrafish embryos in a particle-size dependent manner, and the smallest particle-size sample (90~0 μm) showed the most serious injuries.