6种重金属对3种海水养殖生物的急性毒性效应

以主要海水养殖动物菲律宾蛤仔、刺参、褐牙鲆为研究对象,采用静水毒性法评价了重金属对海洋生物的毒性效应,分别将受试动物暴露于不同浓度梯度的重金属Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Hg及As单种试液中,概率单位法求得半致死质量浓度。结果表明,同一种重金属对3种不同养殖生物的毒性存在明显差异(P0.05),Hg对菲律宾蛤仔、刺参及褐牙鲆3种养殖生物的96 hLC50分别为0.134 mg·L~(-1)、0.0246 mg·L~(-1)及0.238 mg·L~(-1);Cu为0.323 mg·L~(-1)、0.0499 mg·L~(-1)及0.975 mg·L~(-1);As为2.464 mg·L~(-1)、0.301 mg·L~(-1)及8.345 mg·L~(-1);Cd为2.843 mg·L~(-1)、1.111 mg·L~(-1)及6.787 mg·L~(-1);Zn为30.246 mg·L~(-1)、0.449 mg·L~(-1)及17.114 mg·L~(-1);Cr为32.591 mg·L~(-1)、2.205 mg·L~(-1)及95.137 mg·L~(-1)。6种重金属对菲律宾蛤仔毒性强弱:HgCuAsCdZnCr;对刺参毒性:HgCuAsZnCdCr;对褐牙鲆毒性:HgCuCdAsZnCr。综合结果表明:Hg、Cu毒性最强,Cd、As及Zn次之,Cr毒性最弱。研究结果可为海水增养殖区重金属风险评价提供理论依据。

Acute Toxicity of Six Heavy Metals on Three Aquaculture Organisms

Marine pollution is one of the major issues of global concern. Large quantities of heavy metals enter the aquatic environment via natural and anthropogenic sources every year. Heavy metals in excessive amounts in ma-rine environments may adversely affect the growth, survival, and reproduction of aquatic organisms. The sensitivi-ties of different aquatic organisms to heavy metals are different. Therefore, the exploration of the acute toxicity effects of heavy metals on aquaculture organisms is very important for the sustainable development of aquaculture and risk assessment on marine aquaculture zones. In the present study, the single toxic effects on the Ruditapes philippinarum, Apostichopus japonicus and Paralichthys olivaceus from static exposure to Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Hg and As and the difference in acute toxicity of heavy metals for these three aquaculture organisms were studied. The re-sults indicated that the median lethal concentrations (LC50 ) of acute toxicity of different heavy metals at 96 h to R. philippinarum, A.japonicusand P.olivaceuswere 0.134 mg?L-1, 0.0246 mg?L-1, 0.238 mg?L-1 for Hg;0.323 mg?L-1, 0.0499 mg?L-1, 0.975 mg?L-1 for Cu;2.464 mg?L-1, 0.301 mg?L-1, 8.345 mg?L-1 for As;2.843 mg?L-1, 1.111 mg?L-1, 6.787 mg?L-1 for Cd;30.246 mg?L-1, 0.449 mg?L-1, 17.114 mg?L-1 for Zn;32.591 mg?L-1, 2.205 mg?L-1, 95.137 mg?L-1 for Cr, respectively. The toxicity of Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Hg and As were in the order of Hg>Cu>As>Cd>Zn>Cr for R. philippinarum;Hg>Cu>As>Zn>Cd>Cr for A. japonicus and Hg>Cu>Cd>As>Zn>Cr for P. oliva-ceus, respectively. In conclusion, Hg and Cu showed the strongest toxicity for R.philippinarum,A.japonicusand P. olivaceus, followed by Cd, As and Zn, while Cr showed the weakest toxicity for these three aquaculture organisms.