滦河流域鲫鱼体内重金属分布及风险评价

采集滦河流域鲫鱼样本并分析重金属元素(Cu、Zn、Cr、Pb、As、Cd)在其体内的分布特征及食用风险。实验结果表明鲫鱼体内重金属含量由高到低顺序为ZnCrCuPbAsCd,蓄积器官主要为肝脏和鳃部,Cu和Cr主要蓄积在肝脏,Zn、Pb、Cd主要富集在鳃部,As的蓄积器官随地域变化,而且下游样本中各组织器官重金属含量下游高于上游。针对鲫鱼肌肉的评价表明,Zn、Cr、Pb含量超出《无公害食品水产品中有毒有害物质限量》(NY5073—2006)、《食品污染物限量》(GB2762—2012)和《食品中锌限量卫生标准》(GB 13106—1991)规定的标准限值,超出倍数依次为Cr(3.34)Pb(2.24)Cd(1.15)。基于目标危险系数法(THQ)评价结果表明鲫鱼肌肉组织单一重金属THQ值均小于1,As导致的健康风险最高,Cr最低;总风险系数(TTHQ)显示下游的溯河(TTHQ=1.263)与陡河(TTHQ=1.381)存在食用风险,风险比重较高的元素是As、Pb、Zn。

Distribution and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus) of Luan River

The crucian carp (Carassius auratus) and river sediment samples were collected from the Luan River in this study. The concentration of heavy metals in fish and sediment was measured for Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Cd, and As by ICP-MS. The concentration of heavy metals decreased in the order of Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb, As, Cd. Moreover, the heavy metal concentration differed among different parts of the fish body. Specifically, the concentrations of Cu and Cr were high in liver whereas those of Zn, Pb and Cd were high in gill. As concentration depended on the sample sites. Generally, the heavy metal concentration in downstream was high than that in upstream. The results indicated that the concentration of Zn, Pb, and Cd in the muscle of crucian carp excessed lots of food safety limits, including the national limited quantity of poisonous and harmful contents of the national pollution-free aquatic products (NY 5073—2006), limited quantity of contaminants in foods (GB 2762—2012), and tolerance limit of zinc in foods (GB 13106—1991). The excess value of heavy metal concentration is Cr(3.34)>Pb(2.24)>Cd(1.15). Finally, the con-sumption risk was assessed based on US EPA’ s target hazard quotient (THQ) method. The results indicated that As had the highest health risk whereas Cr showed the least risk. All THQ values of 6 heavy metals were less than 1. However, the fish consumption in downstream might have risks with the evidence of high TTHQ values of com-bined heavy metals in Suhe River (TTHQ=1.263) and Douhe River (TTHQ=1.381). This study indicated that the high risk of As, Pb, and Zn should be paid more attention in the regular fish consumption.