畜禽养殖过程抗生素使用与耐药病原菌及其抗性基因赋存的研究进展

兽用抗生素在提高畜禽生产性能、防治疾病方面发挥着重要作用,目前全球超过一半以上抗生素用于畜禽养殖,畜禽养殖源耐药病原菌、抗性基因及其传播风险愈益得到人们的重视。我国是畜禽养殖和抗生素使用大国,但兽用抗生素使用、病原菌耐药水平及其抗性基因类型等数据却较为缺乏,不利于今后畜禽养殖源耐药病原菌及其传播风险的控制。因此,本文通过文献调研,对我国和主要发达国家的兽用抗生素使用情况、畜禽养殖源耐药病原菌及其携带的抗性基因、基因移动元件以及向环境传播的途径进行分析、总结,以期为规范合理用药、降低耐药病原菌及其抗性基因传播风险,建立从畜禽养殖场至公共环境全过程的抗性污染控制链条提供借鉴。

Veterinary Antibiotics Use, Occurrence of Antibiotic Resistance Pathogen and Its Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Animal Production: An Overview

Veterinary antibiotics play an important role in animal growth promotion and disease control in food-animal production. Over a half of total antibiotics is used in animal industry. Antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and their spread risk caused by the animal industry have drawn widely attention. China is the biggest country of animal industry and veterinary antibiotics consumption in the world, but many gaps exist about veterinary antibiotics use, antibiotic resistance level of pathogens and their carried ARGs, which are difficult for the control of antibiotic resistance pathogens and its spread risk. Through literature review, the veterinary antibiotic use of China and other developed countries were summarized, the AR level of pathogenic bacteria and the carried ARGs, mobile genetic elements, as well as the spread risk of AR pathogenic bacteria to environment were analyzed. Therefore the purposes of this paper are to provide support for improving rational drug use and reducing the spread risk of antibiotic resistance pathogens, and establishing the linkage of antibiotic resistance pollution from animal production to public environment.