极性有机物整合采样技术在监测水环境中农药的应用

明确水环境中农残的污染状况对研究其环境行为和生态风险至关重要。传统主动采样法耗能、耗力且单次采样仅获得瞬时浓度值。被动采样节能、方便且为时间加权平均浓度,利于大规模采样。极性有机物整合采样技术(polar organic chemical integrative sampler,POCIS)是针对极性有机物的被动采样技术,近年来在水环境中农药监测的运用越来越广泛。本文概述了POCIS结构、原理和校正方法,探讨了环境因素(如水流速率、温度、p H、溶解性有机质、盐度和膜污染)、化合物性质及POCIS结构对农药采样速率(Rs)的影响。此外,综述了POCIS在监测水环境中农药的应用,展望了POCIS在该领域中的问题、解决方式及前景。

Application of Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler on Analyzing Pesticides in Water

Effective monitoring of pesticide residues in water is essential to study their environmental fate and ecological risk. Traditional active sampling methods are arduous and energy-consuming and they can only obtain instantaneous concentrations. Instead, passive sampling methods are energy-saving and convenient and provide time-weighted average concentrations, thus they are suitable for large-scale sampling. Polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) is a passive sampling technique for polar contaminants and has been widely used to monitor pesticide residues in aquatic environment. The structure, principle and calibration method of POCIS are summarized in this review. In addition, the effects of environmental factors, such as flow rate, temperature, pH, dissolved organic matters, salinity and fouling, physico-chemical properties of the chemicals and structure of POCIS on the sampling rate (R_s) of pesticides by POCIS are discussed. At last, the applications of POCIS on monitoring pesticide residues in aquatic environment are reviewed and future perspectives on this technique are proposed.