化学品急性毒性藻红外测试技术的方法改进研究

在以往藻红外测试技术的急性毒性测试中,每次每个测试杯测试1个藻温,共2个测试组,并用藻最大响应温差1个指标进行毒性评价,测试结果的可行性和稳定性不理想,针对这个问题提出了改进方法:1)每次每个测试杯连测3个藻温;2)改为3个测试组;3)将单指标法改为三指标法;4)增加测试结果的重现性分析。通过蒸馏水毒性测试实验和重金属毒性测试实验,分析改进方法的效果。结果显示,不同指标方法中,三指标法控制假结果出现率为20%,控制效果最好;在测试4元重金属共存(总浓度0.066~0.156 mg·L~(-1))的毒性时,测试3个藻温的所有指标法的平均重现率(%)/重现性(%)均为100%/100%,测试1个藻温的三指标法的平均重现率(%)/重现性(%)为67%/100%,表明测试高浓度的重金属毒性时,不同指标法都有很好的评价效果;在测试一元重金属(0.001~0.1 mg·L~(-1))毒性时,只有三指标法的平均重现率(%)/重现性(%)是100%/100%,远高于其他指标法,表明只有三指标法才可准确测试低浓度重金属的毒性。在测试5种不同重金属共存的毒性时,三指标法的平均重现率(%)/重现性(%)平均为86.8%/100%。研究表明,改进后的技术用于化学品急性毒性测试,灵敏度高和稳定性好,结果可靠。

Improving Methods for Algae Infrared Radiation Technology of Testing Chemicals Acute Toxicity

In previous acute toxicity tests by algae infrared radiation, the feasibility and stability of results was unsatisfactory, which is due to measuring temperature once each time in each cup, setting only two test groups, and applying single index (maximum of algae temperature difference). In order to solve these problems, an improved method was proposed. The algae temperature was measured three times in each cup during each test, three test groups were set, and three-index method was used instead of single index. The improved technology was applied to toxicity tests of both distilled water and aqueous solution of heavy metals. The results showed that the three-index method can control false results recurrence rate in 20%. When testing the toxicity of four kinds of coexisting heavy metals (0.066-0.156 mg?L^-1), the average recurrence rates(%)/reproducibility(%) of all the methods by measuring three algae temperature was 100%/100% whereas that of the method by measuring one algae temperature was 67%/100%. It is indicated that all the methods were effective when the concentration of heavy metals was within 0.066 mg?L^-1 and 0.156 mg?L^-1. During the toxicity test of single heavy metal (0.001-0.1 mg?L^-1), the average recurrence rates(%)/reproducibility(%) of the three-index method was 100%/100%, much higher than those of other methods. It is indicated that only the three-index method can be used to evaluate the toxicity of heavy metal within 0.001 mg?L^-1 and 0.1 mg?L^-1. During the toxicity test of five heavy metals (0.001-0.1 mg?L^-1), the average recurrence rates(%)/reproducibility(%) of the three-index method was 86.8%/100% on average. Overall, it is demonstrated that the three-index method can obtain better sensibility and stability in testing the acute toxicity of chemicals.