eChemPortal及其在我国重点环境管理危险化学品环境风险评估中的应用

危害性识别是化学品环境风险评估工作的重要基础,危害性数据的质量直接影响化学品环境风险评估工作的结果与结论。通过介绍经济合作与发展组织(OECD)eChemPortal近几年来的主要变化,以上海地区涉及的30种重点环境管理危险化学品为例,比较分析我国《危险化学品分类信息表》及eChemPortal引用的按照《欧盟物质和混合物的分类、标签和包装法规》的公开分类和标签目录(ECHA CL inventory)、日本政府全球化学品统一分类和标签分类结果(GHS-J)的差异。结果表明:eChemPortal作为OECD建立的全球化学物质信息门户,加入的数据库多数经过政府机构或同行评审,准确性和可靠性相对较高,目前已有32个数据库加入到该平台,其中32个数据库支持化学物质检索,4个数据库支持化学性质检索,2个数据库支持GHS检索,并且数据库的数量和功能还在持续增加;相对于国家安全监管总局的《危险化学品分类信息表》和ECHA CL inventory,GHS-J的危害性分类结果较为完善,而且多数分类结果提供了具体的分类数据基础信息,这对于分类结果的评估十分有用。上述研究表明我国政府监管部门有必要结合eChemPortal等权威的数据信息平台发布我国重点环境管理危险化学品环境风险评估推荐数据库,从而规范重点环境管理危险化学品环境风险评估过程并推动对化学品的有效环境监管。

eChemPortal and Its Application in the Environmental Risk Assessment of Prioritized Hazardous Chemicals for Environmental Regulation

Hazard identification is the foundation of environmental risk assessment of chemicals. Data quality in the process of hazard identification has a significant impact on the result and conclusion in the environmental risk assessment of chemicals. In this article, we summarized the major changes of eChemPortal, a database accessing platform developed by OECD, in the past years. We then compared the differences among the classification methods used by the Chinese Hazardous Chemicals Classification Information Listing, the Public Classification & Labelling (C&L) Inventory according to EU CLP Regulation No. 1272/2008, and the GHS Classification by the GHS-J, for 30 prioritized hazardous chemicals in the environmental regulation program in Shanghai area. The data of the EU and Japanese classifications were queried and collected in eChemPortal. We found that eChemPortal, as a major global information gateway for chemical materials accredited by the sponsored governmental agencies and the elected environmental experts, can provide accurate and reliable search results. As to date, there are thirty two databases available in eChemPortal for chemical substance search, four databases available for chemical property data search, and two databases available for the GHS search. The list of participating databases in eChemPortal is yet growing. It is noted that the hazard classification results obtained from GHS-J are beneficial to data assessment and often come out with the specific supporting information. We conclude that, in order to standardize the environmental risk assessment process for the prioritized hazardous chemicals and to strengthen the environmental regulation of chemicals, it is necessary for the relevant governmental agencies in China to consider the existing authoritative information query platforms, e.g. eChemPortal, for publishing their recommended chemical risk assessment data.