邻苯二甲酸酯类对水生食物链的影响研究进展

邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)增塑剂被普遍用于塑料制品中,在大气、水等环境中广泛存在,其潜在危害受到关注。水环境中的PAEs,从藻类等初级生产者吸收,到浮游动物、游泳动物等通过鳃和皮肤直接接触或捕食摄取,在水生生物之间转化和传递。笔者总结了PAEs在水生食物链中不同营养级生物体的含量,分析了PAEs在食物链中富集和转化的影响因素(辛醇-水分配系数Kow、代谢转化、生长阶段等)。目前的研究表明PAEs可能在食物链中传递,最终在较高营养级生物体中富集。同时总结了5种PAEs(邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酯丁苄酯、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯和邻苯二甲酸二甲酯)对水生生物的毒性效应的研究进展,已有研究表明PAEs对藻类的细胞器和抗氧化体系,对鱼类的生殖系统、内分泌系统和抗氧化体系都有一定程度损伤。PAEs在食物链中传递和富集现象的存在会对高营养级水生生物产生潜在危害。针对目前PAEs在食物链中传递的研究数量较少、结构简单等问题,对未来研究方向做了简要分析和展望。

Review on the Impact of Phthalate Esters on Aquatic Food Chain

Phthalate esters are widely used as plasticizers in polymers to increase the flexibility. Phthalate esters are widespread in the atmosphere, water, and the potential of hazardous impact on organisms has aroused much concern. PAEs can be absorbed by algae, which are primary producers in food chain. The zooplankton and nekton obtain PAEs by absorbing from water through gill and skin or preying lower trophic level organisms. PAEs are common organic pollutants in the natural environment, which can be harmful to human health with the delivery through food chain. This paper summarized the PAEs content in different trophic levels of the food chain, and analyzed the effect factors of transformation and accumulation in the food chain (octanol - water partition coefficient, metabolism, growth stage, etc.). The results showed that PAEs may transfer in the food chain, ultimately enriched in higher trophic level organisms. The current findings conformed that some PAEs (di-n-butyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and dimethyl phthalate) have toxic effects on aquatic organisms. PAEs can damage algae cells and antioxidant systems, fish reproductive systems, endocrine systems and antioxidant systems. PAEs transformation and accumulation in the food chain is potentially harmful to higher trophic level organisms. The present paper pointed out the deficiency in current study and suggested the focus of future research.