基于高通量测序的工业园区地下水和土壤细菌群落结构比较研究

为探究工业园区地下水和土壤细菌群落结构、多样性变化特征,采用高通量测序技术对地下水和土壤细菌16S r RNA基因高变区域进行序列测定。通过对Alpha多样性、物种组成、丰度和群落结构的分析,比较地下水和土壤细菌群落结构的异同。Alpha多样性的比较结果表明,土壤细菌群落多样性和丰富度明显高于地下水,地下水细菌群落多样性指数反映出地下水已受到周边污染源的影响。物种注释结果表明,地下水样品共检出48个细菌门,土壤样品共检出50个细菌门。变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)是地下水细菌群落的优势类群,共占93.54%,且该工业园区地下水细菌群落呈现出典型的淡水种群特征;土壤中优势细菌门为Proteobacteria、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、Firmicutes和芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes),共占85.21%。由于地下水和土壤两者的生态系统和理化环境的差异,致使Actinobacteria、Acidobacteria、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)、α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)、δ-变形菌纲(Deltaproteobacteria)和Gemmatimonadetes占比在地下水和土壤细菌群落间差异显著,同时使地下水和土壤细菌群落各含有一些特有的优势细菌属(地下水2个,土壤4个)。基于高通量测序技术对工业园区样品的测序结果可以为地下水和土壤环境的生态评价提供方法依据。

Comparison Study of Bacterial Community Structure between Groundwater and Soil in Industrial Park Based on High Throughput Sequencing

In order to explore the bacterial community structure and diversities variation of groundwater and soil in an industrial park, bacteria-specific genomic sequence, the internal transcribed spacer (16S rRNA) region, were used to identify bacterial taxa. The similarities and differences of bacterial community structure between groundwater and soil were compared by analyzing the Alpha diversity, species composition, bacteria abundance and community structure. The Alpha diversity results showed that the diversity and richness of soil bacterial community was significantly higher than that of groundwater, and the diversity index of groundwater bacterial community reflected that the groundwater has been affected by the surrounding pollution sources. Species annotation results indicated that 48 bacterial phyla were detected in groundwater samples, and 50 bacterial phyla were detected in soil samples. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes are the dominant phyla of groundwater bacteria community, accounting for 93.54% of the total, and the groundwater bacterial community in this industrial park was presented the typical characteristics of freshwater environments. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes and Gemmatimonadetes are the dominant phyla of soil bacteria community, accounting for 85.21% of the total. Because of the differences of ecosystem and physicochemical properties between groundwater and soil, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Nitrospirae, Alphaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes were significantly different between groundwater and soil bacterial community, and there were 2 genera specific to groundwater and 4 to soil. The sequencing results of the samples from industrial parks based on high throughput sequencing technology can provide the method basis for the ecological assessment of groundwater and soil environment.