环境雌激素生物效应的作用机制研究进展

环境雌激素(environmental estrogens,EEs)种类繁多,来源多样且分布广泛,大量工业添加剂、食品添加剂和农药类物质已被证实具有雌激素活性。EEs对人体生殖、神经、免疫等系统的生物毒性已经引起了公众的普遍关注。近年来的研究表明,EEs不仅结合雌激素核受体(nuclear estrogen receptor,n ER),还可以活化雌激素膜受体(membrane estrogen receptor,m ER),干扰正常的雌激素信号通路。本文总结了EEs通过n ER、m ER介导的多种雌激素基因组和非基因组信号途径及其产生的生物学效应,综述了在其毒理学作用机理基础上发展的环境样品的雌激素活性评估和EEs混合物的联合作用研究,以期为该类污染物的筛查、风险评估和进一步的机制研究提供参考。

Research Progress in the Mechanisms for Biological Effects of Environmental Estrogens

Environmental Estrogens (EEs) have a variety of types and sources. A great number of industrial additives, food additives and pesticides have been identified to have estrogenic activities. The potential reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity resulted from estrogenic activities have attracted widespread attention. It is well known that EEs disrupt normal estrogen genomic signaling pathways by binding to nuclear Estrogen Receptor. However, it was found in recent years that EEs can activate membrane Estrogen Receptor and trigger rapid estrogen non-genomic signaling pathways. In this review, the biological effects resulted from nER and mER mediated multiple estrogen genomic and non-genomic signaling pathways were summarized. In order to provide better understanding for screening, risk assessment and mechanism studies of EEs, the research progress of the estrogen activity assessment of environmental samples and the combined effects of the EEs mixture were reviewed.