纳米银的迁移转化对环境微生物毒性的影响

纳米银(AgNPs)因其优越的抗菌、导电、催化等性能,被广泛应用于工业领域和日常生活中,成为当前产量和用量最高的纳米材料之一。但纳米银产品在生产、运输、洗涤、侵蚀、废弃的过程中,不可避免地会被释放到自然环境中。在复杂环境因素影响下,纳米银本身的赋存状态发生转化,并对生态环境构成严重威胁。因此,探究纳米银在环境中的迁移转化过程及其对生态环境的潜在风险成为相关领域的研究热点。针对纳米银研究现状中存在的不足,综述了天然有机质、pH值、溶解氧、离子强度、光照等环境因素对纳米银迁移转化行为以及其对微生物毒性效应的影响,并进一步深入探讨了纳米银的毒理机制,旨在为纳米银的环境行为特征研究以及风险评估提供理论基础。

Impact of Migration and Transformation of AgNPs on its Toxicity towards Environmental Microorganism

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used as one of the most popular nanomaterials in industrial field and daily life due to their excellent antibacterial ability, electrical conductivity and catalytic properties. However, during the process of production, transportation, washing, erosion and discard, AgNPs are inevitably released into the natural environment. With the impact of complex environmental factors, the physical and chemical properties of AgNPs can be transformed, which results in a serious threat to the ecological environment. Therefore, exploring the migration and transformation process of AgNPs and their potential risks to the ecological environment had become the hotspot in the related fields. In view of the deficiencies in the research on AgNPs, this paper elaborated the influence of environmental factors, e.g. natural organic matter, pH value, dissolved oxygen, ionic strength and light, on the migration and transformation of AgNPs and their toxic effect on microorganisms. Furthermore, toxic mechanism of AgNPs was also discussed. It is helpful for providing a theoretical basis for the study of environmental behavior and risk assessment of AgNPs.