不同国家基于生态风险的土壤筛选值研究及启示

本文介绍了土壤生态筛选值的定义以及国外一些国家在污染土壤生态风险评估领域的相关土壤筛选值。由于地理生态、社会文化、行政法规以及标准制定的科学基础等差异使各国基于生态风险的土壤筛选值的制定方法各有特色,导致各国基于生态风险的土壤筛选值名称和筛选值之间存在较大差异。我国的生态风险评价研究起步较晚,目前还没有国家权威机构发布的诸如土壤生态筛选值、生态风险评价技术导则等文件。本文就目前国外一些权威机构推出的并得到广泛认可的相关标准、方法做简要介绍,就国际上不同国家的土壤生态筛选值的制定方法、理论体系、使用策略等进行详细描述,为我国制定相关筛选值的方法体系提供参考,旨在推动我国基于生态风险的污染土壤筛选值的建立和生态风险评估研究。

A Study of Risk-based Ecological Soil Screening Levels among Different Countries and its Implication for China

This paper reviews the definition of soil ecological screening levels and the soil screening levels in the field of ecological risk assessment of contaminated soils in some foreign countries. Because of the differences in geo-ecology, social culture, administrative regulations and scientific basis of standard-setting, the formulation methods of soil screening levels based on ecological risk in different countries have their own characteristics, resulting in great differences between the names and risk-based ecological soil screening levels in different countries. The study of ecological risk assessment in China started relatively late, and there are no documents issued by authorities such as soil ecological screening levels and ecological risk assessment technical guidelines. In this paper, some important standards and methods introduced by international authorities and organizations are briefly introduced, and the formulation methods, theoretical systems and application strategies of soil ecological screening levels in different countries are described in detail, which can provide reference for formulating the method system of soil ecological screening levels in China. The purpose of this study is to promote the establishment of risk-based ecological screening levels of contaminated soil and ecological risk assessment in China.