纳米银的植物毒性研究进展

纳米银因其具备良好的催化、超导性能及杀菌消毒活性,广泛应用于食品加工业及医药等领域,是目前市场上最为常见的金属纳米材料。纳米银的大量生产和应用大大增加了其向环境释放的机会,同时也增加了其对环境及人类健康的潜在风险。植物是生态系统中重要组成部分,纳米银可通过植物积累进入食物链,因此对纳米银的植物毒理学研究尤为重要。纳米银的植物毒性与其被植物体吸收、迁移及转化有关。它可影响植物种子的萌发、苗期的生理生化过程和细胞结构等营养生长,也影响植物的开花、结实等生殖过程,并影响DNA的稳定性。但目前纳米银的毒性是否由银离子引起尚未确定。

Research Progress in Phytotoxicity of Silver Nanoparticles

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most important nanomaterials in consumer product inventories due to their physicochemical properties, and are widely used in personal care products, food service, building materials, medical instruments, and textiles. Given that the increasing production and usage of commercial AgNPs, the potential toxicity of AgNPs to organisms must be clarified. As one of the important parts of the ecosystem, plants can accumulate AgNPs and transfer them into the food chain. The phytotoxicity of AgNPs is becoming a hot topic in this field. The toxicity of AgNPs was dependent on their absorption, transportation, diffusion and transformation by plants. This uptake of AgNPs inhibited seed germination, affected seedlin.g physiological-biochemical processes and cellular structure, changed plant flowering and female/male seed ratio, and also influenced the stability of DNA. From the existing data, it was difficult to judge whether AgNPs toxicity was caused by Ag ion.