环境污染物对硬骨鱼肾间应激轴影响的研究进展

具备神经内分泌应激反应能力是一个健康有机体的基本特征,它可以使动物应对威胁其体内平衡的紧急情形。鱼类在遭受环境胁迫时,通过启动肾间应激轴分泌应激激素皮质醇,为机体动员和分配能量以维持体内平衡。虽然近来大多数研究的焦点一直是污染物对生殖轴线以及性类固醇激素的影响,但是污染物对其它内分泌系统包括肾间应激轴的干扰也越来越受到关注。环境污染物干扰肾间应激轴不仅损害鱼类正常的应激反应能力,还会进一步危害其生长、生殖、免疫等生理功能。本文在简要介绍硬骨鱼肾间应激轴结构组成及调控机制的基础上,综述了多种环境污染物对硬骨鱼肾间应激轴的干扰作用及其机制,展望了该领域今后的研究重点和方向。

Research Progress in the Effects of Environmental Pollutants on the Interrenal Stress Axis of Teleosts

The capacity to mount the neuroendocrine stress response is a fundamental characteristic of a healthy organism, it enables the animal to cope with acutely stressful situations threatening homeostasis. By activating the interrenal stress axis to secrete stress hormone like cortisol, the fish could mobilize and allocate energy to maintain homestasis when subjected to extrinsic stress. Despite most of recent researches focused on the impact of pollutants on the reproductive axis and sex steroid hormones, growing attention has been paid to the effect of pollutants on other endocrine systems including the interrenal stress axis. Exposure to environmental pollutants not only damages the normal ability to response to stress, but also harms the growth, reproduction, immunity and other physiological functions in fish. In this paper, based on a brief introduction about the composition and regulatory mechanism of the interrenal stress axis, the disruption and underlying mechanisms of various environmental pollutants on this axis of teleosts will be reviewed, and then future prospects in this field will be discussed.