灵芝中重金属的检测及其健康风险初步评价

为了研究灵芝中重金属的污染状况,对北京市一些药店及部分中医门诊部所售的不同产地灵芝中的As、Hg、Pb等重金属元素含量进行了测定.结果表明,灵芝中As含量范围为0.016￣0.239mg·kg-1,平均值0.117mg·kg-1,Hg含量范围从未检出到0.43mg·kg-1,平均值0.115mg·kg-1,Pb含量范围从未检出到0.256mg·kg-1,平均值0.047mg·kg-1,As、Pb含量均符合我国《药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准》,Hg有5例超标,占样品总数的25%,主要是野生灵芝.健康风险初步评价结果表明,服用灵芝的人群,成人每人每日通过灵芝摄入As、Hg、Pb分别为0.18￣2.3μg、0.17￣2.3μg、0.07￣0.94μg,分别占每日允许摄入量(ADI)的0.14%￣1.9%、0.4%￣5.4%、0.03%￣0.4%,对人体健康风险不大.但是对于个别野生和人工种植灵芝而言,每日摄入总汞量可达0.47￣6.24μg,占ADI的1.1%￣15%,对人体健康存在一定的风险.

A Survey on Heavy Metals in Ganoderma lucidum (LingZhi) and Its Preliminary Heath Risk Assessment

There has been a growing public interest in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),which plays an important role in the healthcare system. Ganoderma lucidum is used extensively in TCM as"the mushroom of immortality". Current researches have found that Ganoderma lucidum has many clinical values. This paper reported a survey of heavy metals in Ganoderma lucidum from Beijing market. Most of samples were purchased from different pharmaceutical stores and clinical departments in Beijing. After microwave acid digestion, arsenic, mercury and lead were measured with AFS(Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometer)and AA-6300(Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer). The survey showed that arsenic and lead concentrations in Ganoderma lucidum were all under the limit of Chinese standard(GTSIEMPP),while there were 5 samples containing Hg above the limit(GTSIEMPP, Hg≤0.2mg·kg-1),and most of them were wild ones. The concentrations of As, Hg and Pb ranged from 0.016 to 0.239mg·kg-1, no detected to 0.43mg·kg-1, no detected to 0.256mg·kg-1 respectively, the average concentrations of As, Hg and Pb were 0.117mg·kg-1, 0.115mg·kg-1 and 0.047mg·kg-1, respectively. The estimated daily intakes of As, Hg and Pb from Ganoderma lucidum were 0.18~2.3μg, 0.17~2.3μg and 0.07~0.94μg per person, respectively, and were well within the safe limits. There were only a few samples which daily intakes of Hg were 0.47~6.24μg per person. It appears that there is no significant health risk due to heavy metals contained in Ganoderma lucidum to human in Beijing market, there is some concern over mercury in some wild Ganoderma lucidum.