水体沉积物质量基准研究现状

沉积物质量基准是对水质基准的补充,对水质管理具有重要意义。目前国际上沉积物质量基准计算方法有十几种。对各种方法的理论基础、数据需求、适用范围等方面进行了概述之后,综合分析了各种方法的理论基础。研究结果认为,应将建立沉积物质量基准的方法分为以生物效应数据为基础的生物效应数据库法和以相平衡分配原理为依据的相平衡分配法。而根据统计方法不同,生物效应数据库法又分为单值基准、双值基准和三轴图法。同时还对美国、加拿大、荷兰、英国、澳大利亚和新西兰的沉积物质量基准研究发展和应用概况进行了分析。结合我国实际情况认为,依赖于大量生物效应数据的生物效应数据库法,目前在我国的适用范围有限,只能用于推导少数几种污染物的基准值。相平衡分配法具有可靠的理论基础而且不需要大量的生物效应数据,具有很大的发展潜力。因此,对于目前沉积物质量基准研究处于初级阶段的我国,更适合使用相平衡分配法计算污染物沉积物质量基准。

Current Research Status of Sediment Quality Criteria

Sediment quality criteria (SQC) are the supplement of current water quality criteria and very important in water quality management. There are many methods for deriving SQC in the world. In this paper, the rationale, applicability, statistical methods and other information of these methods were summarized. According to the rationale of these methods, they could be categorized as two classes: equilibrium partitioning approach and biological effect database of sediment approach. Due to the different statistical techniques applied to the biological effect-database approach, the final criteria could be unilateral, bilateral and triad. The development and applications of SQC in USA, Canada, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand are reviewed. The current research situation on SQC in China is also analyzed. According to the actual domestic demand, the applicable range of biological effect database of sediment approach is limited, because there isn't enough data. Equilibrium partitioning approach has a reliable theoretical basis, and doesn't need a lot of biological data. So equilibrium partitioning approach is preferred to derive SQC in China.