磺胺与金属氧化物纳米颗粒对发光菌的急性联合毒性及其机制初探

磺胺与金属氧化物纳米颗粒同作为抗菌剂对环境与人体健康皆有危害。为探究其对细菌的毒性作用,测定了4种磺胺,包括磺胺氯哒嗪(SCP)、磺胺吡啶(SPY)、磺胺甲基异恶唑(SMZ)、磺胺嘧啶(SD),与3种金属氧化物纳米颗粒,纳米ZnO(n-ZnO)、纳米CuO(n-CuO)、纳米Cr_2O_3(n-Cr_2O_3)对发光菌(Vibriofischeri)的单一毒性及二元急性联合毒性。结果表明,SCP对V.fischeri的单一毒性明显大于其他3种磺胺;n-ZnO的单一毒性远大于n-CuO和n-Cr_2O_3;磺胺与金属氧化物纳米颗粒的二元急性联合毒性效应表现为拮抗、相加和协同,协同居多,说明金属氧化物纳米颗粒增加了磺胺的生物毒性,两者在环境中的共存带来了更大的环境生态风险。

Acute Joint Effects and Mechanisms of Binary Toxicity of Sulfonamides and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles to Vibrio fischeri

The antibiotics and nanopartilces acting as antimicrobial agents may both have harmful effects on the environment and the human health. In order to explore the toxic effects of them against the bacteria, 4 sulfonamides (sulfachloropyridazine (SCP), sulfapyridine (SPY), sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) and sulfadiazine (SD)) and 3 metal oxide nanoparticles (n-ZnO, n-CuO and n-Cr₂O₃) were investigated for their single toxicity and binary joint effects on Vibrio fischeri. The results showed that the single toxicity of SCP to V. fischeri was significantly greater than the other three sulfonamides; and n-ZnO showed significantly greater toxicity than n-CuO and n-Cr₂O₃. Three types of joint effects, i.e., antagonistic, additive and synergetic, were observed with the binary mixtures of sulfonamides and nanoparticles, among which the synergetic effect was the most frequently observed. It was suggested that the metal oxide nanoparticles can enhance the biological toxicity of sulfonamides, and the coexistence of them in the environment may bring about greater environmental risks.