蛋白组学技术的发展及在水生态毒理学中的应用

作为后基因组时代重要的研究工具,蛋白组学技术的发展对水生态毒理学研究产生了巨大的促进作用。对近年来应用于水生态毒理学研究中的蛋白组学技术的发展历程和应用现状进行了全面的阐述。从蛋白提取、蛋白分离和鉴定、蛋白定量等方面对蛋白组学研究技术的发展进行了系统的介绍,重点介绍和比较了蛋白分离和鉴定技术中的基于胶的技术和非胶技术。在简介蛋白组学技术发展的基础上,以蛋白的识别和定量,特定功能蛋白的研究,蛋白相互作用研究这3个蛋白组学的研究方向为切入点,详细阐述了各类技术在水生态毒理学研究中的应用,如蛋白组学在阐明各种污染物对水生生物的毒性作用机制方面的应用,以及在水体污染状况的监测和评价方面的应用等。最后,指出了目前蛋白组学研究的不足,并有针对性地提出了水生态毒理学研究中蛋白组学的发展方向。

Development and Application of Proteomic Technologies in Aquatic Toxicology

Proteomic technologies, the important tools in post-genome era, have greatly promoted the development of aquatic toxicology. This review was dedicated to the recent development and application of proteomic technologies in aquatic toxicology. The development of proteomic research methods were fully introduced in terms of protein extraction, separation, identification and quantification, which especially focused on the introduction and comparison of gel-based and gel-free proteomic techniques as the main two protein separation and identification methods. The application of proteomic technologies in aquatic toxicology were summarized in details from the perspectives of identification and quantification of proteins, functional modifications of proteins, and protein-protein interactions, such as studies on toxicological mechanism of water pollutants, and the monitoring and evaluation of water pollution. Finally, problems of present proteomic research were pointed out and suggestions were accordingly given for future proteomic studies in aquatic toxicology.