丙硫菌唑对斑马鱼的安全性评价及其生物富集行为研究

丙硫菌唑是一种市场前景非常好的新型广谱杀菌剂。本文研究了丙硫菌唑对水生生物斑马鱼的急性毒性和生物累积风险。通过斑马鱼的急性毒性试验获得丙硫菌唑对斑马鱼的96 h-LC₅₀为2.06 mg a.i. L^-1。随后，采用0.02 mg L^-1 (1/100LC₅₀)和0.2 mg L^-1 (1/10LC₅₀)2个浓度的丙硫菌唑，通过8 d实验，获得其在斑马鱼体内的生物累积效应。在0.02 mg L^-1组中，第8天时，斑马鱼体内的浓度达到0.733 mg kg^-1，生物富集系数(BCF_{8 d})缓慢增长到34.36。而在0.2 mg L^-1组，第8天时，斑马鱼组织内丙硫菌唑浓度为4.198 mg kg^-1， BCF_{8 d}值为19.72。结果表明，丙硫菌唑对斑马鱼的毒性等级为中毒，同时其在斑马鱼体内具有中等生物累积效应。因此，在使用过程中，需要考虑其对水生生物的毒性和水生食物链的放大效应。

Study on Biotoxicity and Bioaccumulation of Prothioconazole in Brachydanio rerio

Prothioconazole is a new broad-spectrum fungicide and of good application prospects. To evaluate the environmental risk, the biotoxicity and bioaccumulation in zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) were studied. The 96 h-LC₅₀ to zebrafish was 2.06 mg a.i. L^-1 by acute toxicity test. Accordingly, the concentrations of 0.02 mg L^-1 (1/100LC₅₀) and 0.2 mg L^-1 (1/10LC₅₀) were employed to evaluate the biological availability of prothioconazole in Brachydanio rerio. Under the exposure level of 0.02 mg L^-1, the concentration of prothioconazole in zebrafish increased rapidly in the first day and moderately later. The concentration was 0.733 mg kg^-1 in zebrafish on the 8th day and bioaccumulation factor (BCF_{8 d}) was 34.36. Under the level of 0.2 mg L^-1, the concentration of prothioconazole in zebrafish increased in the first few days and reached equilibrium in 96 h. The concentration was 4.198 mg kg^-1 in zebrafish and BCF_{8 d} was 19.72. The results showed that prothioconazole was of moderate toxicity and of medium bioconcentration in zebrafish. Therefore, the toxicity, bioaccumulation and magnification of prothioconazole in food chain should be considered during the application.