污水处理厂中有机磷酸酯的研究进展

有机磷酸酯(OPEs)作为阻燃剂和增塑剂被广泛用于建筑、电子、化学和纺织等行业中。由于有机磷酸酯大多以物理方法掺加于产品中,更易被释放进入环境中。有机磷酸酯具有神经毒性、致癌性和基因毒性,关于有机磷酸酯产生、迁徙和削减的研究受到了学界的广泛注意。污水处理厂作为地表水环境中污染物的重要来源,在有机磷酸酯进入环境的过程中发挥了重要作用。本文总结了各国污水处理厂中有机磷酸酯研究现状,随着技术的发展被监测的有机磷酸酯种类越来越多;欧洲国家污水中有机磷酸酯检出的最高浓度普遍高于其他国家和地区;极性有机磷酸酯更倾向于转移至污水中,非极性的更倾向于吸附到污泥中;氯代有机磷酸酯普遍去除率很低,有的经过污水处理工艺反而增加,烷基和芳基有机磷酸酯有较高的去除率。

A Review on the Occurrence of Organophosphate Esters in Wastewater Treatment Plants

Organophosphate esters (OPEs) have been widely used as the flame retardants or plasticizers in construction, electronics, chemical, and textile industries. OPEs could be easily released into environment because they are usually mixed into products by physical method. Due to the neurotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and genotoxicity of OPEs, great attention has been paid to the production, migration, and reduction of OPEs. As one of the most important sources of OPEs in environment, sewage treatment plants played a great role in the entrance of OPEs into the water environment. This paper reviewed the existing studies on OPEs in sewage treatment plants worldwide. It shows that, more and more species of OPEs have been identified with the development of monitoring technology. The concentrations of OPEs in European countries are higher than those in other countries and regions. During the sewage treatment process, polar OPEs tend to be transferred into effluent while the non-polar OPEs are usually adsorbed by sludge. Sewage treatment cannot effectively remove chlorinated OPEs. On the contrary, the concentration of chlorinated OPEs could be raised in the treated sewage. However, the alkyl OPEs and aryl OPEs could be efficiently removed through the sewage treatment process.