新烟碱类农药在我国的登记现状及对蜜蜂的初级风险评估

调研已开发的包括吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、啶虫脒、噻虫啉、呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺、环氧虫啶、氯噻啉、哌虫啶和氟啶虫胺腈在内的11种新烟碱类农药在我国的登记现状。根据已登记的新烟碱农药的使用方法,开展了不同暴露场景下蜜蜂的初级风险评估。结果表明,喷施场景下,吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、烯啶虫胺、呋虫胺、氟啶虫胺腈和氯噻啉这7种新烟碱类农药在不同作物上使用对蜜蜂的风险商值均大于1,风险均不可接受;啶虫脒、哌虫啶和噻虫啉在所有登记作物上使用对蜜蜂的风险商值均小于1,风险可接受。土壤或种子处理场景下,除噻虫啉外,其余4种新烟碱类农药包括吡虫啉、噻虫胺、噻虫嗪和呋虫胺对蜜蜂的风险商值均大于1,风险均不可接受。评估结果可为新烟碱类农药在我国的登记管理提供科学参考。

Registration Status Review and Primary Risk Assessment to Bees of Neonicotinoid Pesticides

The registration status of eleven neonicotinoid pesticides (imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, thiacloprid, dinotefuran, nitenpyram, cycloxaprid, imidaclothiz, paichongding and sulfoxaflor) in China were reviewed. Then primary risk assessments of the neonicotinoid pesticides currently registrated in China to honey bees were conducted in different exposure scenario. Ten neonicotinoid pesticides were applied by spraying, amnong which the risk quotient (RQ) values of seven pesticides (imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, nitenpyram, dinotefuran, sulfoxaflor and imidaclothiz) were all greater than 1, revealing the unacceptable risk of these neonicotinoid pesticides to honey bees; while the RQ values of the remaining three pesticides (acetamiprid, paichongding and thiacloprid) were all less than 1, which means the risk of these neonicotinoid pesticides to honey bees are acceptable. Five neonicotinoid pesticides were applied through soil or seed treatment, among which the RQ values of four pesticides (imidacloprid, clothianidin, thiamethoxam and dinotefuran) were greater than 1, which means the risk of these neonicotinoid pesticides to honey bees are unacceptable, and the thiacloprid showed a low risk to honey bees . The results of risk assessment could provide reference for the registration and management of neonicotinoid pesticides in China.