基于TOP-RICE模型嘧菌酯·噻呋酰胺4%展膜油剂稻田水溢出对水生生态系统风险评估研究

为评估嘧菌酯·噻呋酰胺4%展膜油剂在我国稻田水溢出对水生生态系统的风险,本研究依据中华人民共和国农业行业标准NY/T 2882.2—2016《农药登记环境风险评估指南第2部分:水生生态系统》,采用TOP-RICE暴露模型分别单独评估了嘧菌酯和噻呋酰胺2种有效成分稻田滴撒方式应用时水溢出对水生生态系统的风险。其中,TOP-RICE初级暴露模型中有我国连平和南昌2个水稻-地下水暴露场景,每个场景都对分蘖期和拔节期进行分别评估。分析结果显示,嘧菌酯·噻呋酰胺4%展膜油剂中的嘧菌酯按照申请的良好农业规范(GAP)使用,生物富集风险可接受,初级风险评估对无脊椎动物(急性)和无脊椎动物(慢性)风险不可接受,但经中宇宙研究后,在连平和南昌2个场景点,均为拔节期用药对无脊椎动物的风险可接受,但分蘖期用药对无脊椎动物的风险不可接受;嘧菌酯·噻呋酰胺4%展膜油剂中的噻呋酰胺按照申请的GAP使用,生物富集带来的风险可以接受,经初级风险评估风险均可接受。在忽略2种有效成分相互间作用时,初步认为嘧菌酯·噻呋酰胺4%展膜油剂在我国稻田拔节期按照GAP要求施用时水溢出对水生生态系统的风险可接受,但应避免在分蘖期用药,以免其中的有效成分嘧菌酯对水生无脊椎动物产生不良影响。

Risk Assessment of Azoxystrobin·thifluzamide 4%Spreading Oil Water O-verflow in Rice Paddies on Aquatic Ecosystem Based on TOP-RICE Model

This study aims to assess the risk of azoxystrobin·thifluzamide 4% spreading oil water overflow on aquatic ecosystem in rice paddies. The risk assessments of azoxystrobin and thifluzamide applied by dropping method were based on TOP-RICE model by NY/T 2882.2-2016"Guidance of Environmental Risk Assessment for Pesticide Registra-tion Part 2:Aquatic Ecosystem". Two exposure scenarios Lianping and Nanchang in China at two stages i.e. tillering and elongation were considered for risk assessment. Risk assessments of azoxystrobin applied as Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) revealed that bioaccumulation risk was acceptable, but the primary risk was unacceptable for both invertebrates (a-cute) and invertebrates (chronic). While, in case of mesocosm, it was founded that the risk was acceptable for inverte-brates only at elongation stage on both exposure scenarios Lianping and Nanchang. Risk assessments of thifluzamide ap-plied as GAP revealed that bioaccumulation risk and primary risk were acceptable. In all, ignoring the interaction effects of two active components, the water overflow risk of azoxystrobin·thifluzamide 4% spreading oil on aquatic ecosystem was acceptable only at elongation stage in rice paddies in China and the application of the pesticide should be avoided in tillering stage because of potential adverse effects of azoxystrobin on invertebrates.