垃圾渗滤液浸种对玉米代际遗传效应的研究

采用实验室早期栽培实验,主要探讨了垃圾渗滤液浸种对玉米代际的遗传效应。结果表明:垃圾渗滤液会影响玉米代际早期的生长发育,低浓度垃圾渗滤液(10%)促进代际玉米种子的萌发及幼苗的生长;而高浓度渗滤液(50%)则对其产生抑制效应。再者,相比于经垃圾渗滤液浸种处理过的F1代玉米种子而言,对F2代产生的毒性效应相对减弱,仅高浓度组与对照组相比出现差异,50%处理组的萌发率、根长、芽长及叶绿素含量分别为对照组的81%,83%,79%和89%。此外,渗滤液浸种对代际玉米根尖细胞有丝分裂均表现出"低促高抑"的作用,对根尖微核损伤也均呈现剂量-效应关系。这说明低浓度垃圾渗滤液对玉米F1代及F2代的生态毒性风险依然存在,不容忽视。研究选用玉米为模式植物具有一定的实际意义,其结果可为垃圾渗滤液的生态风险评价提供理论依据。

The Inter-generational Genetic Effect of Zea mays L. (Maize) Induced by Soaking with Landfill Leachate

The present research mainly investigated the generational genetic effect of the maize seed induced by soaking with landfill leachate by the method of the early cultivation experiment. The results showed that leachate with different levels (0%, 2%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 50%) affect the early growth and development of generational maize. Low concentrations (10%) of leachate promoted seed germination and seedling growth, while high concentrations (50%) showed restrained effects. Moreover, the toxicity effect on F2 generation of maize was relatively weakened compared with the F1 after seed soaking with leachate, and the significant differences of F2 were only observed between high concentration group and control group. The germination rate, root length, shoot length and chlorophyll content of 50% treatment group were 81%, 83%, 79% and 89% of the control group, respectively. Furthermore, the influence of leachate on root tip mitotic index showed that low concentration promoted mitosis and high concentration suppressed it, while the micronucleus damage presented a dose-effect relationship. The results indicated the ecological risks of leachate on F1 and F2 generations of mazie still exist even at the low concentration. Our findings provided a certain practical significance by using Zea mays L. as model plant, and the results showed a theoretical basis for the ecological risk assessment of landfill leachate.