中国环境基准研究重点方向探讨

环境基准是环境标准的科学依据,在国家环境质量评价和风险管理体系中处于基础地位。它主要是依据特定对象在环境介质中的暴露数据,以及与环境要素的剂量效应关系数据,通过科学判断得出的,涉及环境化学、毒理学、生态学、流行病学、生物学和风险评估等前沿学科领域。国家环境基准研究是一个长期的系统工程,本文基于环境基准研究的学科特点和国际前沿,结合国家科技需求和相关领域的研究现状,综合分析并提出了未来中国环境基准研究的重点研究方向:1)环境基准的理论与方法学;2)环境基准基础数据库;3)基准目标污染物的筛选甄别和优先排序技术;4)水体营养物基准;5)生物测试与毒性评价技术;6)人体暴露评价理论与相关技术;7)环境基准的审核和校对;8)环境基准与标准转化理论及其对环境管理支撑技术。本文从环境基准学科发展的角度,阐述了与环境基准研究紧密相关的8个重点研究方面的国内外研究进展、关键科学问题以及未来重点研究内容。同时指出,这些重要的研究方向是环境基准研究的根本,未来环境基准的长期战略发展必将是建立在各个重要方向长足发展的基础之上,环境基准研究也必带动这些方向的共同蓬勃发展,为环境地球化学、毒理学、生态学等学科领域发展注入活力。

Investigation on Important Directions of China Environmental Quality Criteria

Environmental quality criteria (EQC) are the scientific basis to formulate environmental quality standards, which are the foundation of the national environmental quality assessment and risk management. It involves in the frontier discipline field of environmental chemistry, toxicology, ecology, epidemiology, biology and risk assessment. National EQC are a long-term systematic project. In the present study, key research directions of the future EQC research of China were comprehensively analyzed and pointed out based on the subject characteristics and international frontiers of EQC research combined with the research status of the national science and technology demand and the related areas. The future research direction of Chinese EQC include: 1) theory and methodology of EQC; 2) basic database of EQC; 3) screening of target pollutants and priority ordering techniques; 4) water nutrient criteria; 5) bioassay and toxicity evaluation technology; 6) human exposure assessment theory and related technologies; 7) proofreading of EQC; 8) mechanism for transformation of EQC into environmental standards and the environmental management supporting technology. In the present investigation, the research progresses, scientific questions and future key research contents of 8 research direction closely related to EQC were expounded from the point of the development of EQC. The article pointed out that these important research directions were the fundament of EQC, and the long-term strategic development of the future EQC is bound to be built on the basis of considerable development of various important research directions. EQC will lead to the common flourish development of these directions, injecting vigor into the development of environmental geochemistry, toxicology, ecology and other fields.