我国硝基苯的海水水质基准及生态风险评估研究

以一种重要的化工原料硝基苯为研究对象,通过收集、筛选我国本土物种的硝基苯海水生物毒性数据,同时针对我国海区生物特点补充8种典型海洋受试生物的毒理学实验,应用物种敏感度分布(SSD)方法推导了用于保护水生生物的我国硝基苯海水水质基准值。在此基础上,尝试应用2种概率生态风险评估方法初步评估了硝基苯在我国东海椒江口水体中的生态风险。研究结果表明,用于保护我国海水生物的硝基苯水质基准高值为1.42 mg·L-1,低值为0.037 mg·L-1,与应用SSD方法推导的硝基苯淡水水质基准差异不大。商值概率分布法和联合概率曲线法的风险表征结果表明,硝基苯对椒江口中的水生生物存在潜在的生态风险,需要管理部门采取一定的风险管控措施。研究结果有望为我国水质基准、生态风险研究及硝基苯的海水水质标准制定提供参考。

Derivation of Marine Water Quality Criteria and Assessment of Ecological Risk of Nitrobenzene in China

Nitrobenzene is one of the most important industrial raw materials. In the present study, marine water quality criteria of nitrobenzene in China were derived by species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method based on the collection of toxicity data from native marine species and toxicological experiments conducted on 8 marine species typical in China. The ecological risk of nitrobenzene in surface water of Jiaojiang Estuary was then assessed by two probability ecological risk assessment methods. Results demonstrated that the high seawater quality criterion and low seawater quality criteria of nitrobenzene were 1.42 and 0.037 mg·L^-1, respectively, close with their freshwater water quality criteria derived by SSD method. The hazard quotient probability distribution and joint probability curve results indicated that nitrobenzene posed potential ecological risk to aquatic organisms in Jiaojiang Estuary. The corresponding measurements should be therefore taken by the management agencies to control the potential risk. The present study is expected to provide scientific references and guidance for the study of water quality criteria and ecological risk assessment, as well as the development of marine water quality standard of nitrobenzene in China.