抗生素的环境残留、生态毒性及抗性基因污染

抗生素的环境污染与生态毒害问题近年来引起了极大的关注.在总结国内外相关研究基础上,对环境中几种典型抗生素(四环素、土霉素、氯四环素和磺胺类等)的污染源以及在水和土壤环境中的残留与污染水平进行了分析;对抗生素的污染生态毒性最新研究进展给予了评述;对抗生素抗性基因在环境中可能的暴露途径进行了探讨,指出应将抗生素抗性基因作为一类新的环境污染物.鉴于我国抗生素污染的严峻事实,建议应从国家层面上尽快开展有关抗生素环境污染和生态毒害机理的系统研究.

Environmental Residues and Ecotoxicity of Antibiotics and Their Resistance Gene Pollution: A Review

More and more attention has been paid to the challenging issue on environmental contamination and ecological poisons of antibiotics in recent years. Pollution sources of some typical antibiotics including tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC), chlortetracycline (CTC) and sulfonamides and their residues and contaminant levels in water and soil environment were analyzed. In particular, the newly progress in pollution ecotoxicity of antibiotics were reviewed. Due to the residual toxicity of antibiotics, antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs) were suggested as one of the emerging pollutants and more concerns should be paid to the type of pollutants. The potential exposure pathways of ARGs were also discussed. In view of the austere pollution facts of antibiotics, we offer a proposal that a systematic research on environmental pollution and ecotoxicological mechanisms of antibiotics should be carried out as a national reconnaissance.