以REACH为数据源进行生命周期影响评估

由于潜在生态毒理数据的限制，生态周期影响评估中的毒性模型仅仅描述了市场上的一小部分物质。改进现有的LCIA数据情况可以通过发现新的数据来源，比如欧盟化学品注册、评估、授权和限制(REACH)数据库。本研究通过对比记录在REACH数据库和UNEP/SETAC的科学统一模型USEtox中相同化学物质的生态毒理数据来探究REACH是否具有作为数据来源的潜力。数据根据数据点的个数，报道可靠性和测试时间评估，并将每种化学物质的50%涵盖物种的危险浓度与USEtox中的数据做对比。结果强调了REACH和USEtox之间不同的数据可用性。REACH和USEtox的生态毒理学数据对比表明REACH是一个LCIA毒性鉴别的潜在生态毒理学数据来源，也显示出REACH标准的数据存在着一致性的问题，以及REACH中监管风险评估的假设可能与LCIA所需数据有出入。因此，在考虑REACH标准下的数据在LCIA的运用之前，数据质量，预处理和可运用性需要进一步的研究。探究其他可用的数据来源，发表的研究与报告也需要更深入的调查。
精选自Nienke Müller, Dick de Zwart, Michael Hauschild, Ga?l Kijko, Peter Fantke. Exploring REACH as potential data source for characterizing ecotoxicity in life cycle assessment. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: Volume 36, Issue 2, pages 492–500, July 2017. DOI: 10.1002/etc.3542
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Exploring REACH as Potential Data Source for Characterizing Ecotoxicity in Life Cycle Assessment

Toxicity models in life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) currently only characterize a small fraction of marketed substances, mostly because of limitations in the underlying ecotoxicity data. One approach to improve the current data situation in LCIA is to identify new data sources, such as the European Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) database. The present study explored REACH as a potential data source for LCIA based on matching reported ecotoxicity data for substances that are currently also included in the United Nations Environment Programme/Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (UNEP/SETAC) scientific consensus model USEtox for characterizing toxicity impacts. Data are evaluated with respect to number of data points, reported reliability, and test duration, and are compared with data listed in USEtox at the level of hazardous concentration for 50% of the covered species per substance. The results emphasize differences between data available via REACH and in USEtox. The comparison of ecotoxicity data from REACH and USEtox shows potential for using REACH ecotoxicity data in LCIA toxicity characterization, but also highlights issues related to compliance of submitted data with REACH requirements as well as different assumptions underlying regulatory risk assessment under REACH versus data needed for LCIA. Thus, further research is required to address data quality, pre-processing, and applicability, before considering data submitted under REACH as a data source for use in LCIA, and also to explore additionally available data sources, published studies, and reports.
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