化学品生态毒性测试鱼类模式生物的应用与展望

水生生物毒性测试广泛应用于评估化学品的水生态环境安全,而鱼类生态毒性数据为水生生态风险评估与风险管理提供基础。本文总结了现有的鱼类水生毒性测试标准及常用的物种。阐述了常用水生鱼类模式生物,如斑马鱼Danio rerio、青鳉鱼Oryzias latipes、黑头软口鲦Pimephales promelas等作为模式鱼类的特征及在生态毒性测试中的应用。环保部7号令推荐稀有鮈鲫Gobiocypris rarus作为中国本土生物在水生毒性测试中使用。目前公开发表的利用稀有鮈鲫的水生毒性研究多集中在急性毒性方面,对其他类型的研究如法规毒理相关的长期慢性毒性有待开展。

Application and Outlook of Various Fish Models Used in Chemical Ecotoxicity Test

Aquatic toxicity testing is widely used to assess aquatic hazard of chemicals, and fish aquatic toxicity data is a critical component that contributes to aquatic ecological risk assessments and management decisions. In this paper, existing guidelines for fish toxicity testing and commonly used fish test species are summarized. For commonly used fish species, including zebrafish (Danio rerio), medaka (Oryzias latipas), and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), their characteristics as fish model species and their application in ecotoxicity testing are elaborated. The China Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) Decree No. 7recommends Chinese rare minnow Gobiocypris rarus in aquatic toxicity testing. Published studies have mostly focused on acute toxicity, while regulatory toxicology related chronic toxicity studies need to be evaluated in future.