抗生素对微生物的联合与低剂量毒性研究进展

目前抗生素已成为一类不可忽视的环境污染物,它在环境中呈"混合-持久-低剂量"的暴露特征。因此,研究抗生素毒性效应,特别是它的联合毒性以及低剂量下毒性兴奋效应,对抗生素污染物生态风险的评价极其重要。以抗生素联合毒性的研究进展为主线,重点概述了抗生素二元混合物的急性和慢性联合毒性研究,指出了抗生素混合物间存在相互作用,它们的联合毒性并非表现为简单的加和或独立效应,且抗生素急性-慢性联合表现出的毒性效应也存在差异;发现了不仅单一抗生素具有Hormesis效应,低剂量抗生素二元混合物也具有Hormesis作用。但目前低剂量抗生素二元混合物对微生物的毒性兴奋效应研究较少,其毒性兴奋效应的预测和评价还有待进一步完善,以期为环境中抗生素的联合生态研究和风险评价提供理论依据。

Progress in Researches on Toxicity of Antibiotics in Low Dose and Mixture Exposure to Microorganisms

Antibiotics have become serious environmental pollutants. Owing to their distinguishing feature of mixing, persistance and low-doses in the environment, a study on the toxicity of antibiotics, especially mixture toxicity and the hormetic effect in the low-dose, is significantly important to the ecological risk assessment. This review mainly focuses on the mixture toxicity of antibiotics and briefly summarizes the acute and chronic toxicity of binary chronic toxicity. Their joint effects are neither a simple addition of their individual effect nor independence of each other. The interactions in the binary mixture of antibiotics exist both in acute and study of acute and chronic toxicity. Meanwhile, it is found that hormetic effect exists not only in the single toxicity but also in the binary toxicity when exposed to the low-dose. However, there are few studies on hormetic phenomenon in the binary mixtures of antibiotics. Therefore, a further study on the prediction and evaluation of the hormesis in mixtures is needed, which can provide a theoretical basis for ecological risk assessment.