汞在海洋浮游植物中的生物累积和毒性效应

浮游植物是海洋生态系统的主要初级生产者,同时作为食物也是许多水生生物摄取汞的主要途径。本文综述了近年来汞在海洋浮游植物中的最新研究进展,包括汞在浮游植物中的吸收、累积规律及其影响因素,汞对浮游植物的毒性效应(生长抑制、光合作用影响)以及生物的适应机制(汞的还原、螯合解毒、矿化固定等),最后对浮游植物中汞累积和毒性的未来研究方向进行了展望。

Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of Mercury in Marine Phytoplankton

Phytoplankton is the primary producer of marine ecosystem, and are also a source of mercury accumulation in many aquatic animals. This paper reviews the accumulation, toxicity and transformation of two major mercury species (inorganic mercury and methylmercury) in marine phytoplankton. Based on the biokinetic model, mercury accumulation in phytoplankton is a combined result of mercury uptake and growth dilution, which are dependent on the algal species, metal speciation and environmental factors. Accumulated mercury is then transported into different subcellular pools where mercury may produce toxicity or be detoxified by biotransformation (including mercury reduction, chelation and mineralization). Finally, perspectives for future research in the area of mercury-phytoplankton interactions are discussed.