轮虫在生态毒理学中的研究进展

轮虫是浮游动物中的重要类群,因具有生活周期短、对毒物的敏感性高、有两性生殖方式、易培养和实用性强等优势特征,已被用作生态毒理学实验中重要的模式生物,颇有研究前景。本文简介了轮虫作为受试生物的特点及其生活史,并从实验方法、污染物种类、测试指标等角度对近几十年来轮虫在生态毒理学中的应用现状、主要成果和最新进展作了概述,主要包括轮虫在常规毒性评价中的应用:急性毒性、慢性毒性以及对其行为的影响效应;综述了几类典型环境污染物,例如重金属、UV辐射、持久性有机污染物以及农药化合物的胁迫对轮虫的毒性效应,特别对目前存在的问题、研究热点及今后需要加强研究的方向进行了讨论和展望,以期为应用轮虫生态毒理学进行环境污染及风险评估提供参考。

Research Progress in Using Rotifers in Ecotoxicological Studies

The rotifers act as an important group in zooplankton, which have been often adopted as the model testing organism of ecotoxicological experiments with a promising prospect, due to their advantages of short life cycle, high sensitivity to toxic substances, sexual reproduction mode, easy cultivation and practicability, etc. This article briefly introduced the characteristics and life history of rotifers, and reviewed their application status, main achievements and research progress in ecotoxicology area in terms of test methods, types of pollutants and test indicators for recent decades. The review summarized the application of rotifers in conventional toxicity evaluation, for instance, acute toxicity effect, chronic toxicity effect and behavioral toxicity effect. Then we reviewed the toxic effects of several kinds of typical environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, UV radiation, persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and pesticide compounds on the rotifers. The emphasis is placed on existing problems, future research hotspots and perspectives so as to provide references for the application of rotifers in ecotoxicology for the environmental pollution and risk assessment.