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Bioreduction of nitrate in groundwater using a pilot-scale hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor |
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| Authors: | Youneng Tang Michal Ziv-El Chen Zhou Jung Hun Shin Chang Hoon Ahn Kerry Meyer Daniel Candelaria David Friese Ryan Overstreet Rick Scott Bruce E Rittmann |
| Institution: | 1. Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA 2. CH2M Hill, Englewood, CO, 80112, USA 3. Applied Process Technology, Inc., Pleasant Hill, CA, 94523, USA 4. City of Glendale, Glendale, AZ, 85303, USA |
| Abstract: | A long-term pilot-scale H2-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) was tested for removal of nitrate from actual groundwater. A key feature of this second-generation pilot MBfR is that it employed lower cost polyester hollow fibers and still achieved high loading rate. The steady-state maximum nitrate surface loading at which the effluent nitrate and nitrite concentrations were below the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) was at least 5.9 g·N·(m2·d)?1, which corresponds to a maximum volumetric loading of at least 7.7 kg·N·(m3·d) ?1. The steady-state maximum nitrate surface area loading was higher than the highest nitrate surface loading reported in the first-generation MBfRs using composite fibers (2.6 g·N·(m2·d)?1). This work also evaluated the H2-utilization efficiency in MBfR. The measured H2 supply rate was only slightly higher than the stoichiometric H2-utilization rate. Thus, H2 utilization was controlled by diffusion and was close to 100% efficiency, as long as biofilm accumulated on the polyester-fiber surface and the fibers had no leaks. |
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