Organically modified low-grade kaolin as a secondary containment material for underground storage tanks |
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Authors: | Chul-Hwan Moon Jai-Young Lee Byung-Taek Oh Sang-Il Choi |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 130-743, South Korea;(2) Department of Environmental Sciences & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 200-702, South Korea;(3) Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701, South Korea |
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Abstract: | Batch scale reactions were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of modified low-grade kaolin for the treatment of petroleum
contaminants. Low-grade kaolin, which has been unvalued as material in the mining process because of its low quality for commercial
products, was modified with HDTMA (hexadecyl-trimethylammonium), and its efficiency was compared with that of HDTMA-modified
bentonite, which is used as a secondary containment barrier for underground storage tanks. The sorption capacity and hydraulic
conductivity of both the HDTMA-modified bentonite and low-grade kaolin were investigated and showed distribution coefficients
in the sorption of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene ranging between 45.7 and 583.7 and 57.0 and 525.1, respectively.
The hydraulic conductivities were 2.53 × 10−8 and 5.62 × 10−8 cm/s for the HDTMA-modified bentonite and low-grade kaolin, respectively. These results suggest that HDTMA-modified low-grade
kaolin could be used as a hydraulic barrier against advection migration of petroleum contaminants. Simulation of the one-dimensional
transport of benzene through a liner made of either one of the compounds was also performed. These results also showed that
HDTMA-modified kaolin more effectively retards the transport of benzene. |
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Keywords: | Low-grade kaolin Underground storage tanks Secondary containment HDTMA BTEX |
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