Pilot study of sources of lead exposure in Moscow,Russia |
| |
Authors: | Anna O Orlova Desmond I Bannon Mark R Farfel Valerie M Thomas Lev V Aleschukin Valery V Kudashov James P Shines Georgy I Kruchkov |
| |
Institution: | (1) Moscow State Pedagogical University, 51 Arch. Vlasov St., 117393 Moscow, Russia;(2) Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, 707 N. Broadway, 21213 Baltimore, Maryland, USA;(3) Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, 624 N Broadway Room #557, 21205 Baltimore, Maryland, USA;(4) Center for Energy and Environmental Studies, Princeton University, 08544-5263 Princeton, New Jersey, USA;(5) Central Laboratory, State Geological Enterprise Centrgeologia, 9 Zvenigorodskoye shosse, 123022 Moscow, Russia;(6) Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., 02115 Boston, Massachusetts, USA;(7) A. N. Severtzov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninsky prospect, 171017 Moscow, Russia |
| |
Abstract: | This preliminary investigation of sources of lead exposure in Moscow, Russia, by Russian and US collaborators measured lead in paint, interior dust, and drinking water in seven day-care centres, and in petrol, soil and canned food. Some paint samples exceeded US regulatory standards for lead in paint on surfaces (0.5%). Dust lead loadings were < 1.7 g cm–2 and below the guidance levels of the US EPA. Drinking water lead concentrations were at or below the US drinking water standard of 15 g L–1. Lead concentrations in petrol from Moscow vehicles and petrol stations were consistent with a regulation banning the sale of leaded petrol within the Moscow City limits. Except for baby food, lead levels were higher in the Russian canned foods (range 6 to 1240 g kg–1, dry weight) compared to corresponding US canned foods, with ratios of Russian to US levels of up to 120:1 for evaporated milk. Lead concentrations in soil generally ranged from 500 to 2000 g g–1, levels that would trigger hazard reduction measures according to US EPA guidance. These findings, together with the use of lead in petrol outside Moscow, indicate multiple sources of lead exposure in Russia. Priorities for future research are discussed including the establishment of interlaboratory quality control programmes. |
| |
Keywords: | Lead exposure sources Russia sampling analysis methodology |
本文献已被 SpringerLink 等数据库收录! |
|