Identification and apportionment of sources of lead in human tissue |
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Authors: | H T Delves M J Campbell |
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Institution: | (1) Trace Element Unit, University Clinical Biochemistry, Level D South Block, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, S09 4XY Southampton, England;(2) Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Service Central d’Analyse, Echangeur de Solaize BP22, 69390 Vemaison, France |
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Abstract: | A brief review of the use of stable lead isotope ratio measurements to identify and apportion sources of lead in human tissue
is followed by examples of the use of inductively coupled plasma source mass spectrometry for such studies.
Inductively coupled plasma source mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has only recently been used for measurements of coupled ratios
in body tissues and fluids and in environmental sources of lead. Generally, the inaccuracy of these measurements is about
−0.2% and the imprecision less than 0.5%. This analytical performance is sufficient to detect the much larger changes in206Pb:207Pb ratios of −2% or higher, seen in environmental lead exposure and in childhood lead poisoning.
Measurements of lead isotope ratios by ICP-MS have been used to identify specific sources of childhood lead poisoning and
to indicate the relative importance of environmental sources, such as drinking water and lead from petrol. Populations in
the United Kingdom with low lead uptake usually have206:Pb207Pb ratios in body tissues within the range 1.13 ± 0.01. Significant deviations from this range have been seen in response
to increased uptake from lead in: drinking water in parts of Scotland (source ratio ∼1.18 and petrol lead in inner London
(source ratio ∼1.07). The dominant source for some Scottish subjects with high concentrations of lead in blood or in teeth
was water, which contributed approximately 60% to body lead. Petrol lead was shown to be a significant contributor (30–40%)
to the body lead of inner London children. |
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