Imidacloprid residues in fruits,vegetables and water samples from Palestine |
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Authors: | Ayman Daraghmeh Amjad Shraim Sameer Abulhaj Ramzi Sansour Jack C Ng |
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Institution: | (1) Central Public Health Laboratory, Ramallah, West Bank, Palestine;(2) Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, P. O. Box 344, Almadinah Almunawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;(3) National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Brisbane, Queensland, 4108, Australia;(4) The Centre of Environmental Health, Berzeit University, Berzeit, West Bank, Palestine |
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Abstract: | The aim of this work was to report on imidacloprid IUPAC name 1-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-N-nitroimidazolidin-2-ylideneamine] residues in some vegetables, fruits, and water samples collected from the West Bank, Palestine,
in 1998 and 1999. Imidacloprid and its derivatives in the study samples were extracted by methanol/water and oxidized into
6-chloronicotinic acid and subsequently derivatized into 6-chloronicotinic acid trimethylsilyl ester before being determined
by GC/MS. Imidacloprid residues were detected in more than half of the analyzed samples. The highest and lowest imidacloprid
concentrations were found in eggplant (0.46 mg/kg) and green beans (0.08 mg/kg), respectively. An increase of 11–120% in imidacloprid
concentration in the 1999 samples was observed when compared with those of 1998. This may suggest imidacloprid accumulation
in the soil and/or increased use by local farmers. The imidacloprid residue concentrations in several crops were found to
exceed the CODEX maximum residue limit. |
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Keywords: | Pesticides 6-Chloronicotinic acid 1-(6-Chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-N-nitroimidazolidin-2-ylideneamine West Bank |
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