An improved activated carbon method to quantify dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in surface water |
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Authors: | Jonathan O Okonkwo Linda L Sibali Rob McCrindle Zachary N Senwo |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, 175 Nelson Mandela Avenue, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa;(2) Center for Environmental Research & Training, Alabama A&M University, P.O. Box 1208, Normal, AL 35762, USA |
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Abstract: | Currently, South Africa is designing a strategy for surface water protection involving organic contaminants such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
(DDT), which is currently used for malaria control in mosquito-infested areas. Here, we demonstrate the successful use of
an improved activated carbon technique using dichloromethane instead of chloroform, and slower leaching rate of 15 mL/min
to quantify DDT and its metabolites in surface water. The recovery tests for 2,4′DDT, 2,4′DDD, 2,4′DDE, and 4,4′DDT, 4,4′DDD,
4,4′DDE ranged from 75 to 84% and 87 to 96%, respectively (DDE: dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, DDD: dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane).
The main advantages of this technique over conventional liquid–liquid extractions are reduced amount of organic solvent, little
sample preparation, and larger sample throughput. Because activated charcoal is fairly cheap, the technique can be routinely
used to quantify and monitor DDT and its metabolites in surface water samples. |
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Keywords: | DDT Metabolites Surface water Activated carbon South Africa |
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