Human bioaccessibility of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in urban soils from the city of Torino, Italy |
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Authors: | Julien Sialelli Christine M Davidson Andrew S Hursthouse Franco Ajmone-Marsan |
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Institution: | (1) WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK;(2) School of Engineering and Science, University of the West of Scotland, High Street, Paisley, PA1 2BE, UK;(3) DI.VA.P.R.A., Chimica Agraria, Universit? di Torino, Via Leonardo da Vinci, 44, 10095 Grugliasco, Torino, Italy; |
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Abstract: | Several physiologically based extraction procedures have been proposed to estimate the fraction of the potentially toxic element
content that would be bioaccessible in the human gastro-intestinal tract following accidental ingestion of soil. Many of these
procedures are complex, they have been applied to a very limited range of soils, and most work has focussed on arsenic and
lead. In the present study, a simplified, two-stage extraction, simulating the human stomach and intestine, was developed
and applied to urban soil samples from ten public-access areas in the City of Torino, Italy. The human oral bioaccessibility
of chromium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc was estimated. Lead and zinc bioaccessibilities were found to be higher in the
stomach, but chromium was more bioaccessible in the intestine. Analyte concentrations were higher in roadside soils than in
soils from parks. A higher proportion of the soil metal content was found in bioaccessible forms at roadsides than in parks.
Comparison of the current findings with results of earlier work involving sequential extraction of the same soils indicated
that the sequential procedure gave a relative, but not an absolute, indication of bioaccessibility. Calculations based on
the bioaccessible analyte concentrations suggest that ingestion of only 2–3 g of some of the roadside soil samples from Torino
could deliver the tolerable daily oral intake of chromium, nickel and lead to a 20-kg child. The developed procedure is useful
for preliminary screening of soils and prediction of whether their bioaccessible metal contents are likely to pose a risk
to human health. |
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