Surfactants in sludge-amended agricultural soils: a review |
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Authors: | Alicia Fernández Cirelli Carlos Ojeda Mariano J L Castro Miquel Salgot |
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Institution: | (1) Centro de Estudios Transdisciplinarios del Agua, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Chorroarin 280, C1427CWO Buenos Aires, Argentina;(2) Institut de l’Aigua, Universidad de Barcelona, Joan XXIII S/N, C.P. 08028 Barcelona, Spain |
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Abstract: | Surfactants are included in different detergent formulations and are one of the most ubiquitous and important families of
organic compounds. Although the generic term applies to a great number of products, 80% of their demand is covered by only
ten types of compounds. The global surfactant market volume size is more than 18 million tons per year. Large quantities of
surfactants are continuously released into the environment, where they can or cannot be degraded depending on their structure.
The alkylbenzenesulphonate (LAS) is the most widely used surfactant. LAS can be degraded under aerobic conditions but is persistent
in the environment under anaerobic conditions. Surfactants may enter the terrestrial environment through several routes, with
the use of sewage sludge as fertiliser on agricultural land being by far the most important. High concentrations of surfactants
and their degradation products may affect the biota. On the other hand, due to their amphiphilic nature, surfactants may interact
both with inorganic as well as organic contaminants affecting their bioavailability. |
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