助溶剂甲苯和二甲基亚砜对斑马鱼胚胎发育的复合毒性效应

研究了甲苯和二甲基亚砜(DMSO)对斑马鱼胚胎生长、发育的毒性效应.实验结果表明:低剂量的甲苯(0.05%)单一暴露对斑马鱼胚胎发育有一定毒性,DMSO(0.45%)对斑马鱼胚胎无明显毒性;但甲苯与DMSO具有较强的复合毒性效应,随着DMSO含量的增加,与甲苯单一暴露组相比,斑马鱼胚胎死亡率显著增加、胚胎孵化率下降、胚胎发育迟缓并生成大量畸形;但甲苯以及甲苯和DMSO复合物对人胚肾HEK-293细胞株和人胃癌SGC-7901细胞株的活力均没有明显效应.DMSO可通过提高甲苯在水中的分散性,增加甲苯的神经毒性,但对离体实验模型无显著效应,故在选择不同生物模型评估有机污染物毒性效应时,需考虑不同类型助溶剂所产生的复合效应,以减少实验误差.

COMBINED TOXICITY OF DMSO AND TOLUENE ON DEVELOPMENT OF ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO) EMBRYOS

The present study examines the effects of cosolvent toluene and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) on zebrafish embryos. The results showed that single exposure with low-dose toluene (0. 05% V/V) had low toxicity to the zebrafish embryonic development, while DMSO (0.45% V/V) by itself produced no observable effect. But the two solvents together showed strong synergistic toxicity. Compared to the toluene single-exposure control group, with the increase of DMSO concentration, the embryos showed significant reduction in survival and hatching rate, retarded embryonic development and pronounced abnormalities. On the contrary, no such effect was recorded with human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cell line and human gastric cancer (SGC-7901) cell line. The results suggested that DMSO could enhance the neurotoxicity of toluene by increasing the dispersion in water, but there is no remarkable effect on the in vitro model. Based on the study, when using of different biological models to assay the toxicity of organic compounds, the combined effects of cosolvents should be considered to minimize experimental error.